FUNCTION
CHAPTER 2: FUNCTION
Objective
To be able to identify a function and to be able to graphically
represent
functions.
Purpose
• To help describe input-output relations in real-world
applications
• To use functions to model and solve real-life problems.
RELATION
Relation – pairs of quantities that are related to each other
Example: The area A of a circle is related to its radius r by the
formula
A r . 2
FUNCTION
There are different kinds of relations.
When a relation matches each item from one set with exactly one
item from a different set the relation is called a function.
DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION
A function is a relationship between two variables such that
each value of the first variable is paired with exactly one value
of the second variable.
The domain is the set of permitted x values.
The range is the set of found values of y. These can be called
images.
IS IT A FUNCTION?
Domain, x Range, y
1 -3.6
For each x, there is only 2 -3.6
one value of y. 3 4.2
4 4.2
Therefore, it IS a function. 5 10.7
6 12.1
52 52
IS IT A FUNCTION?
Domain, x Range, y
Three different y-values (7, 8, 3 7
and 10) are paired with one x- 3 8
value.
3 10
4 42
Therefore, it is NOT a function
10 34
11 18
52 52
EXAMPLE 1
{(5, 8), (6, 7), (3, -1), (4, 2), (5, 9), (12, -
2)}
Is it a function? State the domain and range.
EXAMPLE 1 - SOLUTION
{(5, 8), (6, 7), (3, -1), (4, 2), (5, 9), (12, -
2)}
Is it a function? State the domain and range.
No. The x-value of 5 is paired with two different y-values.
Domain: (5, 6, 3, 4, 12)
Range: (8, 7, -1, 2, 9, -2)
VERTICAL LINE TEST
Used to determine if a graph is a function.
If a vertical line intersects the graph at more than
one point, then the graph is NOT a function.
NOT a Function
EXERCISE 1
Using vertical line method, justify if the graph below is a function.
Also, identify the domain and range of the graph.
EXERCISE 1 – SOLUTION
Using vertical line method, justify if the graph below is a function.
Also, identify the domain and range of the graph.
Function
Domain: [− 4,2]
DOMAIN AND RANGE
Domain:x≥1 Domain:−2≤x≤2
FUNCTIONAL NOTATION
We have seen an equation written in the form y = some expression
in x.
Another way of writing this is to use functional notation.
For Example, you could write y = x² as f(x) = x².
FUNCTIONAL NOTATION
f (3x3)
f ( x) 2
x2 f ( x) x x 2
2
f ( 3) f ( m 3)
3 3 3 2
2
m 3 m 3 2
2
27 3 2 m 3m 3 m 3 2
30 2
m 2 3m 3m 9 m 3 2
32
m 2 5m 8
GRAPHICAL FUNCTION
Solving mathematical operation of multiple function using graph
EXAMPLE 2
Solve
f ( x) g ( x)
EXAMPLE 3
Solve
f ( x) g ( x)
EXAMPLE 4
Solve
f ( x) g ( x)
EXAMPLE 5
Solvef (−2)÷ g(0)
f ( x) g ( x)
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
A piecewise-defined function is a function that is defined by two or more
equations over a specified domain.
f x x
The absolute value function
can be written as a piecewise-defined function.
The basic characteristics of the absolute value function are summarized
on the next page.
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 6
Evaluate the function when x = -1 and 0.
DOMAIN OF FUNCTION
The domain of a function can be implied by the
expression used to define the function
The implied domain is the set of all real numbers for
which the expression is defined.
EXAMPLE 7
The function has an implied domain that consists of all real x other
than x = ±2
The domain excludes x-values that result in division by zero.
EXAMPLE 8
x 0.
Another common type of implied domain is that used to avoid even
roots of negative numbers.
The domain excludes x-values that result in even roots of negative
numbers.
GRAPH OF FUNCTION
Objective:
To graph a function using domain and range, even or odd, relative
min/max.
Purpose:
To introduce methods to help graph a function.
DOMAIN & RANGE OF A FUNCTION
What is the domain of the
graph of the function f?
A : [ −1 , 4 )
DOMAIN & RANGE OF A FUNCTION
What is the range of the graph of the
function f?
A:
DOMAIN & RANGE OF A FUNCTION
Findf ( −1 ) ∧f ( 2 ) .
f (− 1 )=− 5
f ( 2 )= 4
INCREASING AND DECREASING FUNCTION
Falls from x = -2 to x = 0.
Is constant from x = 0 to x
= 2.
Rises from x = 2 to x = 4.
EXAMPLE 9
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing,
decreasing, or constant.
Increases over the positive
domain/range.
Decrease over the negative
EXERCISE 2
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing,
or constant.
EXERCISE 2 - SOLUTION
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing,
or constant.
INCREASING : ( − ∞, −1 ) ∧( 1 , ∞ )
DECREASING : ( − 1, 1 )
EXERCISE 3
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing,
or constant.
EXERCISE 3 - SOLUTION
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing,
or constant.
INCREASING : ( − ∞, 0 )
CONSTANT : [ 0 , 2 ]
DECREASING : ( 2 , ∞ )
RELATIVE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VALUE
The point at which a function changes its increasing, decreasing, or
constant behavior are helpful in determining the relative maximum
or relative minimum values of a function.
RELATIVE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VALUE
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTION
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTION
Let’s look at the graphs again and see if this applies.
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTION
Mirror at y-axis Mirror at origin Mirror at x-axis
(x,-x); point (x,-x); (y,-y) (y,-y); x
y maintained maintained
EXAMPLE 10
Determine whether each function is even, odd, or neither.
EXERCISE 4
Is the function Even, Odd, of Neither?
f x x
