Patterns of
Development in
Writing
Comparison and
Contrast
• Discusses similarities and differences between two or
more subjects.
• Use a comparative language (similarly, on the other
hand)
• Structure: point-by-point or block method
• Example: Comparing two different teaching methods.
Cause and Effect
• Explains reasons why something happened (cause) and
the results (effect)
• Use of causal language (because, therefore, as a result)
• Structure: multiple causes leading to one effect or one
cause leading to multiple effects
• Example: Analyzing the impact of air pollution
Problem-Solution
• Identifies a problem and proposes one or more
solutions
• Key Features: Clear statement of the problem
• Detailed explanation of the proposed solution(s)
• Use of persuasive language to convince the audience
• Example: Addressing the issue of plastic waste in the
ocean
Persuasion
• Aims to convince the audience to accept a particular
point of view or take a specific action
• Key Features: Use of rhetorical devices
• Strong, clear thesis statement
• Logical arguments supported by evidence
• Example: Persuading students to eat healthy foods
Activity: Examine the pictures below. Then, identify
their cause and effects. Write your answers in complete
sentences.
Cause: __________________________________________________________________________________
Effects:__________________________________________________________________________________
1.____________________________________________________________________________
_
2.____________________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________________