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SUBSCRIBE!!! #13 Domain Name Server
Domain Name Server/System(DNS)
2
Purpose of DNS
• Addresses are used to locate objects
• Names are easier to remember than numbers
• You would like to get to the address or other objects
using a name
• DNS provides a mapping from names to resources
of several types
Domain name is a way to identify and locate computers connected to internet
No two organizations can have same domain name
A domain name always consists of two or more components separated by
periods called dots (.)
EXAMPLE: www.yahoo.co.in, www.facebook.com etc.
Once a domain has been established subdomains can be created within the
domain
EXAMPLE: The domain for the large company could be “Vni.com” and within this
domain subdomains can be created for each of the company’s regional office.
Eg: Bombay.vni.com
Last
name. subdomain. s eco n d - l e v e l domain. top-level domain
EXAMPLE: vijay.Bombay.vni.com
Top level domains a r e classifi ed into 3 categories:
Organizational or generic domains
Geographical or country domains
Rev ers e domains
It consists of t h r ee character code which indicates the primary
function of the organization or their generic behavior
Most commonly used top level domains are:
.com for commercial organization eg www.y
.net for networking organizations ahoo.com e g
.gov for government organizations ewww.zedge.net
g
.edu for educational organizations www.newjersey.gov
.org for non-commercial organizations e g www.uducause.edu
eg www.eklav
.mil for military organizations ya.org e g www.dod.mil
.int for international organizations eg www.itu.int
It consists of two c h a r a c te r s which r e p r e s e n t s different
countries/regions all around the world
T h e s e c o d e s have b e e n standardized by International Standard
Organizational (ISO)
EXAMPLE:
.in India
.jp Japan
.us United S tates
.fr france
.it Italy
.cn China
.au Australia
Each domain name h a s a corresponding IP a d d re s s
When t h e u s e r t y p e s t h e domain name in th e a d d re s s bar,
t h e corresponding IP a d d re s s is supplied. Such a
translation is possible with t h e help of s y s t e m called DNS
(DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)
DEFINITION:
“DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM is a collection of th e d a t a b a s e s
that contain information about domain n a m e s and their
How DNS Lookup
Works
DNS is the resolution of a
domain name to an IP address.
Moreover, for those of you who
are not aware of how it works
read on to learn the basics.
DNS Lookups
• Forward DNS Lookups
• Reverse DNS Lookups
root DNS
serve
r
1. WHEN YOU TYPE NAME
2
WWW.YAHOO.COM INTO YOUR 3 com
BROWSER IT ASKS LOCAL DNS DNS
4 server
SERVER (AT ISP’S END) FOR ITS IP
ADDRESS.
2. When local DNS server does not
find the IP address of given local DNS server
At ISP End
name, it forwards request to
1
root DNS server and again
enquire about IP address of it.
3. The root DNS server replies “ I
do not know the IP address of Yahoo.com DNS
www.yahoo.com but know the IP server
address of the com DNS server”. DNS client requesting
4. The local DNS then asks the for
www.yahoo.com
com DNS server for IP address
14
root DNS
serve
r
5. THE COM DNS SERVER REPLIES
WITH SAME ANSWER IT D OES NOT KNOW 2
3 com
THE IP ADDRESS OF WWW.YAHOO.COM DNS
BUT KNOW THE IP ADDRESS OF 4 server
yahoo.com DNS server which is then return
to local DNS server. 5
local DNS server
6. The local DNS server then ask the yahoo.com At ISP End 6
DNS server for IP address 7
1 8
7. It then replies with IP address
corresponding to www.yahoo.com which it
has Yahoo.com DNS
8. The local DNS server then sends this IP server
address back to the client computer that DNS client requesting
send the request for
www.yahoo.com
DNS l o o k u p s c a n b e p e r f o r m e d b y a n y d e v i c e
No limit t o t h e s i z e of t h e d a t a b a s e
D a t a b a s e c a n b e u p d a t e d dynamically
A d d / d e l e t e / m o d i f y of a n y r e c o r d
IP Address Classes Exercise
Answers
Address Class Network Host
10.2.1.1 A 10.0.0.0 0.2.1.1
128.63.2.100 B 128.63.0.0 0.0.2.100
201.222.5.64 C 201.222.5.0 0.0.0.64
192.6.141.2 C 192.6.141.0 0.0.0.2
130.113.64.16 B 130.113.0.0 0.0.64.16
256.241.201.10 Nonexistent
Hope Guys You got the point of the Video
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