Ch.

9 Flow Of Control
REVISION
 Control Statements
Flow control statementsare used to control the flow of
execution depending upon the specified condition/logic.

Sequential control statement - Sequential execution is

when statements are executed one after another in
order.
There are three types of control statements.
1. Decision Making Statements/If control
statement
2. Iteration Statements (Loop control statement)
3. Jump Statements (break, continue, pass)
 Decision Making Statement
Decision making statement used to
control the flow of execution of program
depending upon condition.
There are three types decision making
of statement.
1. if statements
2. if-else statements
3. Nested if-else
statement
 Decision Making Statement

1. if statements
An if statement is a
programming
conditional statement
that, if proved true,
performs a function or
displays information.
 Decision Making Statement
1. if statements Syntax:
if(condition):
statement [statements]
e.g. notebooks = 2
if (notebooks == 2):
print('You have ')
print(‘two books’)
print(‘outside of if statement’) Output
You have two books
Note:To indicate a block of code in Python, you must indent each line of the
block by the same amount. In above e.g. both print statements are part of if
condition because of both are at same level indented but not the third print
statement.
 Decision Making Statement

2. if-else Statements
#find absolute value
a=int(input("enter a number"))
if(a<0):
a=a*-1
print(a)

#it will always return

value in positive
 Decision Making Statement
1. if statements
Using logical operator in if statement
x=1 y=2
if(x==1 and y==2):
print(‘condition matcing
the criteria')

Output :-
condition matcing the
criteria
------------------------
------------------------
-----------
a=100
if not(a == 20):
print('a is not equal
to 20')
 Decision Making Statement

2. if-else Statements
If-else statement
executes some code if
the test expression is
true (nonzero) and
some other code if the
test expression is false.
 Decision Making Statement
2. if-else Statements
Syntax:
if(condition):
statements
else:
statements
e.g. a=10
if(a < 100):
print(‘les
s than
100')
else:
print(‘mo
re than
equal
100')
 Decision Making Statement
3. Nested if-else statement
The nested if...else statement allows you
to check for multiple test expressions and
execute different codes for more than two
conditions.
 Decision Making Statement
E.G.
3. Nested if-else num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
if num >= 0:
Syntax if num == 0:
If (condition): print("Zero")
else:
statements print("Positive number")
elif (condition): else:
print("Negative number")
statements OUTPUT
else: Enter a number: 5
Positive number
statements * Write python program
to find out largest of 3
numbers.
 Decision Making Statement

3.Nested if-else Statements

age = 35
if age >= 60:
print("You are a senior citizen.")
else:
if age >= 18:
print("You are an adult.")
else:
print("You are a teenager.")
 Decision Making Statement
3.Nested if-else Statements
num = 10
if num > 0:
if num % 2 == 0:
print("The number is positive and even.")
else: print("The number is positive but odd.")
else:
print("The number is not positive.")
 Decision Making Statement
3.Nested if-else Statements
#Check leap year / divisibility
year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

if (year % 4) == 0:
if (year % 100) == 0:
if (year % 400) == 0:
print("{0} is a leap year".format(year))
else:
print("{0} is not a leap year".format(year))
else:
print("{0} is a leap year".format(year))
else:
print("{0} is not a leap year".format(year))
 Iteration Statements (Loops)

Iteration statements(loop) are used to execute a block

of statements as long as the condition is true.
Loops statements are used when we need to run same
code again and again.
Python Iteration (Loops) statements are of three type :-

1. While Loop

2. For Loop

3. Nested For Loops

 Iteration Statements (Loops)
1. While Loop
It is used to execute a block of statement as long as a
given condition is true. And when the condition become
false, the control will come out of the loop. The condition
is checked every time at the beginning of the loop.
Syntax
while (condition):
statement
[statements]
e.g.
x=1
Output
while (x <= 4): 1
print(x) 2
x=x+1 3
4
 Iteration Statements (Loops)
While Loop Examples
1.
number = 1
while number <= 3:
print(number)
number = number + 1
2.
count = 0
while (count < 3):
print("Hello World")
count = count + 1
 Iteration Statements (Loops)
While Loop continue
While Loop With Else
e.g.

x=1
while (x < 3):
print('inside while loop value of x is ',x)
x=x+1
else:
print('inside else value of x is ', x)

Output
inside while loop value of x is 1
inside while loop value of x is
2 inside else value of x is 3
*Write a program in python to
find out the factorial of a given
number
 Iteration Statements (Loops)
While Loop continue
Infinite While Loop
e.g.
x=5
whil
e (x
==
5):
pri
nt(
‘in
sid
e
lo
op
')
 Iteration Statements (Loops)

2. For Loop
It is used to iterate over items of any sequence, such as a list
or a string.
Syntax
for val in sequence:
statements

e.g.
for i in range(3,5):
print(i)

Output
3
4
 Iteration Statements (Loops)

For Loop Examples

for x in range(2, 30, 3):
print(x)

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
continue
print(x)

languages = ['Swift', 'Python', 'Go']

# access elements of the list one by one
for lang in languages:
print(lang)
 Iteration Statements (Loops)

2. For Loop continue

Example programs
for i in range(5,3,-1):
print(i)

Output
5
4
range()
Functi
on
Param
eters
start:
Starting
 Iteration Statements (Loops)

2. For Loop continue

Example programs with range() and len() function
fruits = ['banana', 'apple',
'mango'] for index in
range(len(fruits)):
print ('Current fruit :',
fruits[index])
range() with len() Function
Parameters
 Iteration Statements (Loops)

2. For Loop continue

For Loop With Else
e.g.
for i in range(1, 4):
print(i)
else: # Executed because no break
in for print("No Break")

Output
1
2
3
No
Break
 Iteration Statements (Loops)

2. For Loop continue

Nested For Loop
e.g.
for i in range(1,3):
for j in range(1,11):
k=i*j
print (k, end=' ')
print()

Output
123456789
10
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
16 18 20
 Iteration Statements (Loops)

2. For Loop continue

Factorial of a number
num = int(input(‘enter a number’))
if num < 0:
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative
numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
for i in range(1,num + 1):
factorial = factorial*i
print("The factorial
of",num,"is",factorial)
 Iteration Statements (Loops)

2. For Loop continue

Compound Interest calculation
n=int(input("Enter the principle amount:"))
rate=int(input("Enter the rate:"))
years=int(input("Enter the number of years:"))

for i in range(years):
n=n+((n*rate)/100)
print(n)
 Iteration Statements (Loops)
3. Jump Statements

Jump statements are used to transfer

the program's control from one location to another. Means
these are used to alter the flow of a loop like - to skip a
part of a loop or terminate a loop

There are three types of jump statements used in

python.
1.br
eak
2.continue
3.pass
 Iteration Statements (Loops)
1.break
it is used to terminate the loop.
e.g.
for val in "string":
if val == "i":
break
print(val)

print("Th
e end")

Outp
ut s
t

r
 Iteration Statements (Loops)
2.continue
It is used to skip all the remaining statements
in the loop and move controls back to the top of
the loop.
e.g.
for val in "init":
if val == "i":
continue
print(val)
print("The
end")

Output
n
t
The end
 Iteration Statements (Loops)
3. pass Statement
This statement does nothing. It can be used when a
statement is required syntactically but the program
requires no action.
Use in loop
while True:
pass # Busy-wait for keyboard interrupt (Ctrl+C)
In function
It makes a controller to pass by without executing any code.
e.g.
def myfun():
pass #if we don’t use pass here then error message will be shown
print(‘my program')

OUTPUT
My program
 Iteration Statements (Loops)
3. pass Statement continue
e.g.
for i in 'initial':
if(i == 'i'):
pass
else:
print(i)

OUTPUT
n

L
N
O