Chapter 1

Introduction

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OBJECTIVES:
 To give a brief history of the Internet.
 To give the definition of the two often-used terms in the
discussion of the Internet: protocol and standard.
 To categorize standard organizations involved in the
Internet and give a brief discussion of each.

 To define Internet Standards and explain the mechanism

through which these standards are developed.

 To discuss the Internet administration and give a brief

description of each branch.

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Chapter 1.1 A Brief History
Outline
1.2 Protocols and Standards

1.3 Standards Organizations

1.4 Internet Standards

1.5 Internet Administration

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1-1 A BRIEF HISTORY

A network is a group of connected,

communicating devices such as
computers and printers. An internet is
two or more networks that can
communicate with each other. The most
notable internet is called the internet,
composed of hundreds of thousands of
interconnected networks. Private
individuals as well as various
organizations such as government
agencies, schools, research facilities,
corporations,
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 Topics Discussed in the Section
ARPANET
Birth of the Internet
TCP/IP
MILNET
CSNET
NSFNET
ANSNET
The Internet Today
World Wide Web
Growth of the Internet
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 Figure 1.1 Internet today

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 1-2 PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS

In this section, we define two widely

used terms: protocols and standards.
First, we define protocol, which is
synonymous with “rule.” Then we
discuss standards, which are agreed-
upon rules.

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 Topics Discussed in the Section
Protocols
Standards

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 1-3 STANDARDS ORGANIZATION

Standards are developed through the

cooperation of standards creation
committees, forums, and government
regulatory agencies.

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 Topics Discussed in the Section
Standards Creation Committees
Forums
Regulatory Agencies

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 1-4 INTERNET STANDARDS

An Internet standard is a thoroughly

tested specification that is useful to and
adhered to by those who work with the
Internet. It is a formalized regulation
that must be followed. There is a strict
procedure by which a specification
attains Internet standard status. A
specification begins as an Internet draft.
An Internet draft is a working document
with no official status and a six-month
lifetime.
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 Topics Discussed in the Section
Maturity Levels
Requirement Levels

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 Figure 1.2 Maturity levels of an RFC

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 Figure 1.3 Requirement levels of an RFC

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 Note

RFCs can be found at

http://www.rfc-editor.org.

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 1-5 INTERNET ADMINISTRATION

The Internet, with its roots primarily in

the research domain, has evolved and
gained a broader user base with
significant commercial activity. Various
groups that coordinate Internet issues
have guided this growth and
development. Appendix G gives the
addresses, e-mail addresses, and
telephone numbers for some of these
groups. Figure 1.4 shows the general
organization of Internet administration.
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 Topics Discussed in the Section
Internet Society (ISOC)
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA)
Internet Corporation for Names and Numbers
(ICANN)
Network Information Center (NIC)

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 Figure 1.4 Internet administration

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 Note

The addresses and websites for Internet

organizations can be found in
Appendix G.

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