Addis Ababa University

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

Chapter Three
Multi-View Drawing
 Multi-View Drawing
fe

Multi-view drawing is the graphic representation of an

object on a sheet of paper in a way that will describe exact
shape and proportions.
This is done by drawing different views of the object as it
is seen from different positions.
These views are then arranged in a standard order so that
anyone familiar with drafting practices can understand
them immediately.
2
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection of an object
fe

 The views are obtained by projecting all object

features to the picture plane (points, lines and
planes).

 Both visible and invisible objects must also be

projected.

3
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection of an object
fe

CATIA source

4
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection of an object
fe

5
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Precedence of lines
fe

Order of Visible Hidden Center Break Dimension Section

line line line line line line
importan
ce

6
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Hidden line practice
fe

 Unless extended from a visible line, hidden lines

should join the visible.
Leave
space

Correct
Join

No !
7
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Hidden line practice
fe

 Unless extended from a visible line, hidden lines

should join the visible.

Leave Leave
space space

Correct No ! 8
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Hidden line practice
fe

 Intersecting hidden line should form L and T

corners.

L T Correct

No !
9
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Hidden line practice
fe

 Hidden arcs should start on the center line.

10
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Center line practice
fe

 In circular view, short dash should cross at the

intersections of center line.

 For small hole, center line is presented as thin

continuous line.

 Center line should not extend between views.

Leave space Leave space

11
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Center line practice
fe

 Leave the gap when centerline forms a

continuation with a visible or hidden line.

 Center line should always start and end with long

dash.

Leave Leave Leave

space space space

Leave
space

12
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 View selection
fe

1. Orient the object to the best position

relative to a glass box.

2. Select the front view.

3. Select adjacent views.

13
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Choice of Views
• Most commonly used views are: Front view,
Top view and Right side view.
The following guidelines should be considered
when selecting the front view:
• Look for the best shape or most contours.
• Display the most informatics view.
• Show the most natural position of use.
• Provide the longest dimension.
• Contain the least hidden features.
 Step 1: Orient the object
fe

The object should be placed in its natural position.

The object should presents its features in actual
size and shape in orthographic views.
GOOD NO !

15
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Step 2. Select a front view
fe

The object’s longest dimension should be

presented as a width.
First choice Second choice
Waste more space

Inappropriate GOOD

16
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Step 2. Select a front view
fe

The adjacent views that are projected from the

selected front view should appear in its natural
position.

Inappropriate

17
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Step 2. Select a front view
fe

Choose the view that have the fewest number of

hidden lines.

GOOD Inappropriate

18
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Step 3. Select an adjacent view
fe

Choose the view that have the fewest number of

hidden lines.
GOOD

Inappropriate

GOOD
Inappropriate
19
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Step 3. Select an adjacent view
fe

Choose the minimum number of views that can

represent the major features of the object.
Necessary Hole’s location can be
specified on the same view.
Easy to understand

Difficult to interprete.

Necessary 20
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Step 3. Select an adjacent view
fe

Choose the views that are suitable to a drawing

space.

POOR

Not enough space

for dimensioning.

21
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Step 3. Select an adjacent view
fe

Choose the views that are suitable to a drawing

space.

GOOD

22
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 View selection
fe

mislead to…

D
H W
F.V.

W D

F.V. & T.V. Three views F.V. & R.S.V.

Size description   
Shape description
AAiT
 
School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 23
 One view drawing
fe

Flat part having a uniform thickness.

1 Thick

Unnecessary These 2 views provide only information

about the part thickness !
24
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 One view drawing
fe

Cylindrical-shaped part.

Unnecessary
Repeat !

Infer from CL

Unnecessary
25
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Two view drawing
fe

There exists an identical view.

Repeat !
Unnecessary

26
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Two view drawing
fe

The 3rd view has no significant contours of the object.

Unnecessary
27
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Two view drawing
fe

The 3rd view has no significant contours of the object.

Unnecessary
28
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Alignment of views
fe

1. First angle system

- European country
- ISO standard First Quadrant

2. Third angle system

- Canada, USA,
Japan, Thailand

Third
Quadrant
29
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Orthographic projection
fe

1st angle system 3rd angle system

30
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Orthographic views
fe

1st angle system 3rd angle system

Folding
line


Folding
line
Folding
line

Folding
line
31
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Orthographic views
fe

1st angle system 3rd angle system

Right Side View Front View Top View

Top View Front View Right Side View

32
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection symbols
First angle system Third angle system

33
AAiT
 Transferring the depth dimension
fe

1. Direct measurement

3
27

2
1
0
0 1 2 3 27
Starting point
34
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Transferring the depth dimension
fe

2. Use miter line

45

Views too close

35
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Basic dimensioning
fe

Components of dimensioning

 Extension lines 10 27
10 Drill, 2 Holes
 Dimension lines R16
 Leader lines
 Dimension numbers
 Local notes

17
43

36
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Laying out of Drawings
• Laying out of drawing means putting the
different views of an object into a sheet of
paper. While laying out of drawing, front and
top view are always inline vertically; front and
side view are always inline horizontally.
• In order to have an eye attracting drawing, the
drawing approximately should be put at the
center of the net working area.
 Laying out of Drawings
Steps for centering the drawing:
I-Draw border line and title block.
II-Draw diagonal lines from the corners of the net working
area.
III)-Calculate the total horizontal and vertical distance
covered by the drawing by considering the space
between each view.
IV)-Draw line from the center line (intersection point of the
diagonal lines) to half of horizontal and vertical distance.
V)-Draw the area required for each view.
VI)-Draw each views.
• Note that: except border, title block and the views, all
other are done using construction lines.
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 1:
.75

8.50

7.00

.25 .25

.50
.25
10.50
11.00
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 2:

.75

8.50

7.00

.25 .25

.50
.25
10.50
11.00
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 3:
TOP VI EW
– Width 5.13
– Space 1.50 2.00

– Depth 2.00

– Horizontal 8.63 2.88

5.13

1.63 1.25

Ø2.22
45°

– Height 3.00
– Space 1.50 2.00
3.00

1.75

– Depth 2.00
1.50

– Vertical 6.50 FRONT VI EW

R. SI DE
VI EW
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 4:

3.25"

4.315"
4.315"

3.25"
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 5:

2.00 TOP VI EW

1.50

R. SI DE
3.00 FRONT VI EW VI EW

5.13 1.50 2.00

 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 6:

TOP VI EW

FRONT VI EW R. SI DE VI EW

SPECI AL CAM R. MI GLI ORATO 5/ 9/ 03 SCALE 1:1 16-52 12 NBHS

 Projection of Fillets, Rounds and Run-outs
fe

A run-out is produced when a filleted or rounded corner

between two plane surfaces intersects a surface.

45
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection of Fillets, Rounds and Run-outs
fe

Runout

46
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection of Fillets, Rounds and Run-outs
fe

47
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Tangent and intersection
fe

 No line is formed when curved surface tangent to a

plane surface.

 Line is formed when curved surface intersects

a plane surface.

No line

tangent intersect

No line

tangent intersect
48
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Tangent and intersection
fe

limiting element

tangent tangent
tangent
intersect plane

49
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Tangent and intersection
tangent
fe

No line tangent
intersect

tangent tangent

No line No line tangent

tangent

50
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection of Solids
fe

51
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection of Solids
fe

52
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection of Solids Example
fe

Link
Link 2

53
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE
 Projection of Solids Example
fe

54
AAiT School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering - SMiE