POLYMER MATERIALS
ANALYSIS I
TFE 3106
Lecture 4_Unit 4_FIBRE ANALYSIS USING AFIS & HVI
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INTRODUCTION
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In textile industry raw material is the most dominant factor as it contributes 50-
75% in total manufacturing cost.
In quality conscious scenario, quality of raw material plays a vital role. But the
quality of raw material is decided by measuring its properties.
Measurement through conventional techniques is very laborious and time
consuming.
Consequently, researchers focus their attention towards the inventions of
instruments which give accurate and quick results on fibre properties.
Two major instruments used are;
1. AFIS – Advanced fibre information system.
2. HVI – High volume instrument.
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Advanced Fibre Information System (AFIS)
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Measures individual fibre properties. AFIS provides basic single fibre
information and is distinguished from earlier and existing methods by
providing distributions of the basic fibre properties.
AFIS provides basic single fibre information and is distinguished from earlier
and existing methods by providing distributions of the basic fibre properties.
These distribution measurements provide more accurate, precise, and basic
information about fibre.
ADVANTAGES:
High degree of accuracy, which gives precise results.
Testing speed is high.
It avoids laborious time work needed for measurement of nep count.
The results are free of human and machine error.
It can analyze process performance.
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Basic principle of AFIS
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The AFIS method is based on
aeromechanical fibre processing, similar to
opening and carding, followed by electro-
optical sensing and then by high speed
microprocessor based computing and data
reporting as shown in the Figure.
A fibre sample is introduced into the system
and is processed through a fibre
individualizer, which aero mechanically
separates the sample into three
components consisting of cleaned fibre,
micro dust, and trash.
Each of these components is transported in
a separate pneumatic path and may be
analysed electro-optically or by other
means.
The data processing and reporting are
handled by an industrialized PC.
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Fibre individualiser
The fibre individualizer (in Figure) uses unique cleaning and
5 separating techniques to present the fibres pneumatically to
the electro-optical sensor.
The fibres are opened and cleaned using specially designed,
pinned and perforated cylinders, which are similar to open end
spinning beaters and stationary carding flats.
Airflow into the perforations of the cylinder allows for thorough
engagement and efficient dust and trash removal.
A specimen of fibre is hand teased into a sliver-like strand and
is inserted into the feed assembly.
It passes between a spring-loaded feed roll/feed plate
assembly and is engaged by the pinned and perforated
cylinder.
The fibres are combed and carded; dust is released and
removed through the perforations in the cylinder.
Trash is released after the carding action by the "counter flow"
separation slot.
Heavy trash particles are separated from fibres and
transported out of the system, whereas, the smaller dust and
fibres are returned to the cylinder aerodynamically by the air
drawn into the slot, thus the term "counter flow slot".
A secondary stationary flat is used to further clean and comb the fibres. They are then directly transferred to a second
cylinder. A second "counter flow" slot removes additional trash. Its counter flow air is used to transport fibres out of the
system after a final combing from a third stationary carding flat. The separated components (cleaned fibre, micro dust
and trash) are transported along three different production paths.
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AFIS Applications
6 (1) Card nep analysis:
Neps are created by mechanical handling and cleaning of cotton fibres.
Due to fibre individualizer provided inside the machine we can analyze neps
hence we can check nep in carded or combed sliver.
(2) Card wire maintenance analysis:
We can judge the grinding frequency required for card wires by appropriate
checking of sliver quality on AFIS instrument.
(3) Length measurement
This instrument will provide various fiber length data so that it will be helpful to
control the imperfection in the final yarn.
(4) Length analysis of comber and D/F:
This instrument provides the data on histogram i.e. in form of fibre distribution so it
will give accurate idea about length.
(5) Trash analysis:
By using this instrument we come to know the exact amount of trash present in
material so that we can decide the material is suitable for processing or not.
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High Volume Instrument (HVI)
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HVI fibre testing system offers precise and
reliable automated operation with computer-
controlled calibration and diagnostics. All
functions are controlled by dedicated
microprocessors to simplify operation and to
provide flexibility in testing parameters.
It measures properties of a bundle of fibres
not individual fibres
It consists of different modules such as
colour, micronaire, length/strength,
automatic colour tray, dual sampler, bar
code reader and nep testing modules.
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Modules of Uster HVI 1000 Explain
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1. Colour/ Trash Module – for testing the color characteristics and trash
particle content
2. Micronaire Module – for testing fineness and maturity properties
3. Length/ Strength Module – for testing fiber length and tensile properties
4. Automatic colour tray – increased sampling for higher throughput as
required for large cotton-classing organizations and textile mills
5. Dual sampler – increased sampling for higher throughput as required for
large cotton-classing organizations and textile mills
6. Bar code reader – for automatic entry of bale tag bar code identification
7. Nep Testing Module – optional module for testing nep content of cotton
samples – a source of yarn and fabric appearance defects
8. UV Fluorescence Module – optional module for testing UV fluorescence of
cotton samples – a known source of barré defects in dyed fabric
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