STUDY GUIDE
REVIEWReligious Freedom
Economic opportunity
1. Why was Jamestown established as a colony?
Why was Plymouth established as a colony? [1.2]
2. The British taxed and regulated the colonies after which war? [2.2]
French & Indian War
3. What was the “Join or Die” cartoon and the Albany Plan of Union? [2.2, 2.3]
Ben Franklin’s cartoon encouraged
American colonists to join together.
The “Plan” involved a Congress for all colonies
4. What were some of the main laws Great Britain passed on the American
colonies? What was the purpose of these laws? [2.2, 2.3]
Navigation Acts, Sugar Act, Tea Act, Coercive Act.
Why? To control American Colonial trade and money
STUDY GUIDE
REVIEW
5. What was the Stamp Act; the Stamp Act Congress? [2.3]
Expensive tax on printed items. Effort to org. resistance
(boycotts, protests, “No taxation without representation”)
6. The Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party and the Coercive Acts led to
which war/revolution? [2.3-2.5]
-American Revolution
-Revolutionary War
7. Why did the Americans win
in the Revolutionary War? [2.5]
Brave patriots,
Washington’s leadership
+ aid from France
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
8. The Declaration of Independence expressed which important political ideas?
[2.4]
*Political power
derived from the
consent of the
people
*All men created =
*Britain’s King
George is terrible!
9. What was the first battle of the American Revolutionary War? [2.5]
Lexington/Concord (“Shot heard around the world”)
10. What was the central problem with the Articles of Confederation? [3.1,
3.2] Too weak; No court system; no power to tax or enforce laws
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
11. Why did the Anti-Federalists finally agree to the Constitution? [3.2]
The Federalists agreed to include amendments, the
Bill of Rights, to protect basic freedoms.
12. What ideas did George Washington express in his Farewell Address? [3.3]
*No permanent foreign alliances
*No permanent political parties
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
13. What important power did Marbury v. Madison case confirm to the
Supreme Court? [3.4]
The Supreme Court asserted judicial review (ultimate say
on what is or is not constitutional).
14. What did the Louisiana Purchase do to the size of the United States? [3.4]
Napoleon sold the Louisiana
Territory for $15 million. The deal
doubled the size of the USA!
15. What conflict was described as a “Second War of Independence”? [3.5]
The War of 1812. The conflict confirmed the USA’s
status as an independent nation.
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
16. What was the Missouri Compromise; the Compromise of 1850? Both
attempted to balance representation in which federal legislative body? [3.5, 5.1]
*Missouri Compromise MO slave state & ME a free state
*Comp 1850CA free state + Fugitive Slave Act
*Both tried to balance power in Congress (Senate)
17. The Nullification Crisis, Spoils System, Indian
Removal, King Veto and Bank War are all
associated with what President? Why did some
criticize this leader? [4.1]
*Andrew Jackson
*Critics (Whigs) called him
“King Andrew” and saw him as
too overbearing
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
18. What were the consequences of the Indian Removal Act? What happened to
the Cherokee people? [4.1]
*Eastern tribes removed beyond Mississippi R.
*Suffered “Trail of Tears,” 20% died
19. What issue led to a political division between northern and southern states
from 1800 to the 1850’s? [various parts of Units 1-5]
*Slavery, slave trade, political power of slave/free states
20. What was Manifest Destiny? [4.3]
*Common belief in the 1840’s that God intended the USA to
overspread North America to the Pacific Ocean
21. How did the North differ economically from the South? [various parts of
Units 1-5]
*North: increasingly dominated by cities, manufacturing
*South: remained traditional, controlled by plantations/slavery
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
22. What did the abolitionists want to achieve? [4.4, 5.1, 5.2]
*Abolish slave trade and slavery
*Led by Wm. Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman
23. What happened in the election of 1860? [5.2]
*Lincoln (R)-Douglas
(ND)-Bell (CU)-
Breckinridge (SD)
*Lincoln won despite
receiving 0 support in
the Deep South
*Led to Secession (SC,
etc.)
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
24. What goal did Lincoln have in the Civil War when it first started? [5.2, 5.3]
*Lincoln’s original goal was to preserve the Union
25. What was the goal of the Emancipation Proclamation (1862)? [5.3]
*Abolish slavery in the rebel states
*Led to the war being “a new birth of freedom”
(Gettysburg Address)
26. What 1863 Civil War battle fought in Pennsylvania was the turning point of
the war? [5.4]
*Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) was a Union victory that critically
weakened Lee’s army
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
27. What was Lincoln’s plan toward the South at the end of the civil war? [5.5]
*Lincoln supported a lenient
peace plan (10% Plan) that
would “bind up the nation’s
wounds” quickly
28. What were the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments? [5.4, 5.5]
*13th- abolished slavery
*14th- guaranteed citizenship
*15th- voting rights
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
29. Migration of citizens from rural to urban areas did what to the growth of
cities and American population? [6.1, 6.3, 8.1]
*Dramatic increase in
overall population;
size/importance of cities
30. What companies had become a trust/monopoly in the late 1800’s/early
1900s? What did some people want to do to these monopolies [6.2, 6.5, 7.4]
*Standard Oil Co. (owned
by John D. Rockefeller)
*Many people wanted the
federal government to
enforce anti-trust laws
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
31. How did rapid immigration contribute to American industrialization? [6.2, 6.3]
*Immigrants boosted industrialization by
becoming workers and consumers
32. What is the federal government economic policy that is described as a “hands
off approach”? [6.2, 8.2]
*Laissez-faire (hands-off)
*Economy would be most efficient without gov’t control
33. What was the “melting pot theory” and how was it applied to positive ideas
about immigration to the USA? [6.3]
*“Melting Pot” analogy- blending of various cultures into America
*Many believed America was enriched by people and cultures from
around the world (E pluribus unum “out of many, one”)
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
34. What happened at Homestead and Haymarket Square? What normally
happened to workers that tried to form unions and strike in the 1800’s and early
1900’s? [6.4] *Homestead (1892) & Haymarket Square (1886) were
massive violent strikes. Striking union workers failed
and were suppressed by police/government troops.
35. Why did the United States become an imperialist nation? [7.1, 7.2]
*Imperialism: +prestige, economic power, resources,
jobs, military bases, spread Christianity
36. What were Muckrakers from the Progressive Era? [7.3]
*Journalists that tried to improve society by exposing
terrible problems (Upton Sinclair The Jungle)
37. What were the goals of the early-1900’s Progressives? [7.3]
*Regulate big business, improve working conditions
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
38. AZ adopted the Initiative, Referendum and Recall. What were these reforms
and how did they enhance democracy? [7.3]
*Initiative- people write law *Movement toward
*Referendum- people vote on law “direct democracy”
*Recall- people can remove official (people more in charge)
39. What area of the country generally allowed female suffrage before the 19 th
Amendment? [7.3]
*Women’s Suffrage started in Western
states, led by Wyoming (1869)
40. Which president is known for advocating conservationism, imperialism,
breaking up trust companies (trustbuster)? [7.4]
*TR, Theodore Roosevelt
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
41. The Zimmerman Telegram, the U.S. economic interest, and the use of
unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans were the main reasons the
U.S. entered which war? [7.5]
*The Great War (WWI)
42. After WWI, what attitude did most Americans have regarding world affairs and
foreign policy? [7.5, 8.1, 9.1] *The USA should be neutral/isolationist
43. What peace treaty created President Wilson’s League of Nations? [7.5]
*The Treaty of Versailles (also ended WWI and punished Germany)
44. How did Henry Ford advance American industry? [8.1]
*Assembly line production
created an affordable car
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
45. What caused the stock market crash? [8.3]
*Overspeculation; buying “on margin”; panic
46. Who was blamed for the Great Depression (Hoovervilles)? [8.3, 8.4]
*The President, Herbert Hoover
47. What were the causes/effects of the Great Depression? [8.3, 8.4]
*Causes: Stock market crash;
bank/business failures
*Effects: Unemployment;
homelessness (Hoovervilles);
mass migration
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
48. What was FDR’s “New Deal”? How did the federal government assume a new
role in American society during this time? [8.4]
*Federal government would now try to solve
social/economic problems
49. What was the “date that will live in infamy”? What happened on this day? [9.1]
*December 7, 1941. Japan
attacked Pearl Harbor
50. How did Americans support the war effort at home? [9.1]
*Rationing of key supplies (“living with less”)
51. Because of war time prejudice/hysteria, what happened to many Japanese-
Americans? [9.1, 9.2]
*Japanese-Americans were sent to internment camps
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
52. Who served as “code-talkers” during WW II? [9.2]
*Navajo soldiers (created unbreakable code)
53. What allied amphibious invasion led to the Germans being driven out of
France and Western Europe? [9.2]
*D-Day (Operation Overlord), June 6, 1944
54. Why did the U.S. decide to drop the atomic bomb on Japan? [9.2]
*End WWII quickly (no invasion of Japan)
*Save American and Japanese lives
55. What was the fundamental conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?
[9.3]
*Democracy + Capitalism vs. Dictatorship + Communism
(USA) (USSR)
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
56. What was the general course of the Korean War? [9.3]
*North attacked; US/UN fought
back; China entered; Korea
remained divided at 38th Parallel
57. What was the Second Red Scare? How did Senator Joe McCarthy gain
prominence in the 1950’s? [9.3]
*Fear of communist influence (late ‘40’s/early ‘50’s). Many
believed McCarthy’s accusation of infiltration were true.
58. What was the “arms race” during the Cold War? [9.3, 9.5, 10.4]
*US vs. USSR competition in nuclear weapons
(A-bombs, H-bombs, rockets, missiles)
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
59. The Soviet launching of Sputnik led to what new race/competition between
the superpowers? [9.4, 9.5]
*Sputnik led to the “space race,” won by USA w/moon
landing in 1969
60. What was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s role in the Civil Rights Movement? [9.4,
9.5, 10.1, 10.2]
*MLK led a non-violent campaign that emphasized
marches and protests
61. What events defined the 1960’s (Cuban Missile Crisis, JFK assassination, MLK
assassination, Tet Offensive in Vietnam, Apollo 11 moon landing)? [9.5, 10.1,
10.2]
*60’s: CMC, JFK assass., Tet Off., MLK assass., Apollo 11
62. What was the Watergate scandal? What was its lasting impact on Americans’
view of the government? [10.2]
*Scandal led to Nixon’s resignation; Trust in gov’t declined (corrupt)
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
63. The OPEC oil embargo of 1973 led to what change in American foreign
policy regarding the Middle East? [10.2-10.5]
*USA expanded political/economic
influence in the Middle East
64. What were the dates of the major wars America fought since WWI (WWII,
Korea, Vietnam, War on Terror)? [9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.5]
*WWI (1914-1918); WWII (1941-1945); Korea (1950-1953);
Vietnam (1965-1973); War on Terror (2001-?)
65. How did the United States respond to the September 11th, 2001 (9/11)
attacks? How did it change the federal government? [10.5]
*USA invaded Afghanistan & Iraq; Dept. Homeland Security;
Patriot Act
