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NumPy

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16 views10 pages

NumPy

Uploaded by

vikypc007
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction To NumPy

NumPy
• Stands for Numerical Python
• Is the fundamental package required for high performance
computing and data analysis
• NumPy is so important for numerical computations in Python is
because it is designed for efficiency on large arrays of data.
• It provides
• ndarray for creating multiple dimensional arrays
• Internally stores data in a contiguous block of memory, independent of
other built-in Python objects, use much less memory than built-in
Python sequences.
• Standard math functions for fast operations on entire arrays of data
without having to write loops
• NumPy Arrays are important because they enable you to express batch
operations on data without writing any for loops. We call this
vectorization.
NumPy ndarray vs list
• One of the key features of NumPy is its N-dimensional
array object, or ndarray, which is a fast, flexible
container for large datasets in Python.
• Whenever you see “array,” “NumPy array,” or
“ndarray” in the text, with few exceptions they all
refer to the same thing: the ndarray object.
• NumPy-based algorithms are generally 10 to 100
times faster (or more) than their pure Python
counterparts and use significantly less memory.
import numpy as np
my_arr = np.arange(1000000)
my_list = list(range(1000000))
ndarray
• ndarray is used for storage of homogeneous data
• i.e., all elements the same type
• Every array must have a shape and a dtype
• Supports convenient slicing, indexing and efficient
vectorized computation
import numpy as np
data1 = [6, 7.5, 8, 0, 1]
arr1 = np.array(data1)
print(arr1)
print(arr1.dtype)
print(arr1.shape)
print(arr1.ndim)
Creating ndarrays
Using list of lists

import numpy as np

data2 = [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]] #list of lists


arr2 = np.array(data2)
print(arr2.ndim) #2
print(arr2.shape) # (2,4)
Creating ndarrays
array = np.array([[0,1,2],[2,3,4]]) array = np.eye(3)
[[0 1 2] [[1. 0. 0.]
[2 3 4]] [0. 1. 0.]
[0. 0. 1.]]
array = np.zeros((2,3))
array = np.arange(0, 10, 2)
[[0. 0. 0.]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
[0. 0. 0.]]
array = np.random.randint(0, 10,
array = np.ones((2,3)) (3,3))
[[1. 1. 1.] [[6 4 3]
[1. 1. 1.]] [1 5 6]
[9 8 5]]

arange is an array-valued version of the built-in Python range function


Arithmatic with NumPy Arrays
• Any arithmetic operations between equal-size arrays
applies the operation element-wise:
arr = np.array([[1., 2., 3.], [4., 5., 6.]])
print(arr)
[[1. 2. 3.]
[4. 5. 6.]]
print(arr * arr)
[[ 1. 4. 9.]
[16. 25. 36.]]
print(arr - arr)
[[0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0.]]
Arithmatic with NumPy Arrays
• Arithmetic operations with scalars propagate the scalar
argument to each element in the array:
arr = np.array([[1., 2., 3.], [4., 5., 6.]])
print(arr)
[[1. 2. 3.]
[4. 5. 6.]]
print(arr **2)
[[ 1. 4. 9.]
[16. 25. 36.]]

• Comparisons between arrays of the same size yield


arr2 = np.array([[0., 4., 1.], [7., 2., 12.]])
boolean
print(arr2) arrays:
[[ 0. 4. 1.]
[ 7. 2. 12.]]

print(arr2 > arr)


[[False True False]
[ True False True]]
Indexing and Slicing
• One-dimensional arrays are simple; on the surface they
act similarly to Python lists:
arr = np.arange(10)
print(arr) # [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
print(arr[5]) #5
print(arr[5:8]) #[5 6 7]
arr[5:8] = 12
print(arr) #[ 0 1 2 3 4 12 12 12 8 9]
Thank You

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