DEVELOPMENT
MADE BY : AKHILESH BISWAS , PRASIDDHI SINGH ,
PRAGAYA SAI , PURAB VERMA
GUIDED BY :
Subtopics
Introduction
What Development Promises - Different People, Different Goals
Income and Other Goals
National Development
How to Compare Different Countries or States?
Income and Other Criteria
Public Facilities
Sustainable Development
Introduction
The idea of development or progress has
always been with us. We have aspirations or
desires about what we would like to do and
how we would like to live.
In this chapter, we shall make a beginning for
understanding development. It is only through
a democratic political process that these hopes
and possibilities can be achieved in real life.
This Chapter overviews: (i) Perspectives on
development. (ii) Common indicators for
development (iii) Method for measuring
development. and (iv) Concept of purchasing
power parity.
What Development Promises -
Different People, Different Goals
Development promises a real growth by enhancing total income and
standard of living of a person.
So two things are quite clear: (i) Different persons can have different
developmental goals. (ii) What may be developed for one may not be
developed for the other. It may even be destructive for the other.
The development goals are varying from people to people. For example, a
girl from a rich urban family gets as much freedom as her brother and is able
to decide what she wants to do in life. She is able to pursue her studies
abroad.
Income and Other Goals
People prefer to earn more income for fulfilling their daily requirements of life. Companies provide
material thing like, money. But people also want non-material thing like, freedom, security, and
respect of others.
Some companies provide less salary but offer regular employment which enhances sense of
securities.
In other case, some companies provide high salary but offer no job securities. They reduce sense of
securities.
There are many things that are not easily measured but they mean a lot to our lives. These are often
ignored. However, it would be wrong to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important.
Similarly, for development people look at a mix of goals. The developmental goals that people have
are not only about better income but also about better income but also about other important things
in life.
National Development
National development refers to
ability of a nation to improve
standard of living of its citizens.
Standards of living of citizens
depend upon per capita income,
Gross Domestic Product, literacy
rate and availability of health etc.
These factors also consider as
measure of improvement.
How to Compare Different
Countries or States?
We can compare different countries or state on the basis of per capital income.
We cannot take national income to compare different countries because each
country has different population rate.
Per capita income is calculated by dividing total income of a country to total
population of that particular country.
Per capita income of a country shows the standard of living of the citizens of
that particular company.
A country with higher per capita income is more developed than others with
less per capita income.
Income and Other Criteria
For achieving development goal of people,
people not only want better income, they
also want non-material thing like,
freedom, security, and respect of others.
Development of a nation is also depended
upon literacy rate. In Kerala, out of 1000
children born, 12 died before completing
one year of age but in Maharashtra, out of
1000 children born, 25 died before
completing one year of age and in Bihar
out of 1000 children born, 44 died before
completing one year of age.
For development of a nation
average income or per capital
income is needed. Maharashtra had
topest position with 1, 01,314 per
capital income. Whereas, Bihar was
in bottom position with 23,435 per
capital income. It means a person in
Maharashtra earned Rs 1, 01,314 in
one year. Whereas, a person in
Bihar earned only Rs 23,435 in one
year. So, Maharashtra is more
developed state of the country than
Bihar with 1, 01,314 per capital
income.
Public Facilities
Facilities which are provided by the
government considered as public facility like
schools, hospitals, community halls, transport,
electricity etc.
As we know that Punjab has more income than
the average person in Kerala but Kerala has a
low infant Mortality Rate because of better
public system like, Public Distribution System
which provide Health and nutritional status to
the state.
We need public facility because we are not
able to purchase all things by money. We
cannot able to buy a pollution free
environment with the help of money.
Sustainability of Development
Sustainable Development refers to
development of human with at the same
time sustaining the ability of natural
system.
It is helpful to fulfil the needs of the human
being without harming the ability of the
future generation.
For sustainable development, we have to
use non-renewable resources like carbon
based originally designed fuel for the
quantity how much we needed.
Some renewable resources like groundwater
will take long time for replenished. So, we
should use that resource in finite quantity.
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