FIRST YEAR E.T.

LAB
EXP. NO. – 04

THREE PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT

Department of Electrical Engineering

IIT Kharagpur
OBJECTIVES:

THREE PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT IN

1. Balanced R (resistive) load condition.
2. Balanced C (capacitive) load condition.
3. Balanced RL load condition.
Theory
• Power generation in power plant is three phase
• Three sinusoidal voltages of equal amplitude and frequency out of phase
with each other by 120°. Known as “balanced”.

Instantaneous Phase Voltages

van (t ) Vm cos( t )(V )
vbn (t ) Vm cos( t  120 )(V )
vc (t ) Vm cos( t  240 )(V )

• Phases are labeled as a, b, and c. known as the phase sequence.

Star connected Three phase
three wire system
a a

_
V 0 Wye Con n ected
n S ou rce
_ _
V -2 4 0 V -1 2 0
+ +
b b
c

c
Star connected Three phase
four wire system
Delta connected Three phase system

a a

_ + D e lta
S o urc e
Vab = | Vab |  0
+ _
Vbc = Vab  -120
c b b
_ + Vca = Vab  -240
c
 Wye – Wye System

a A
Zl

ZL

n
N

ZL ZL
b
c B C
Zl

Zl
 Delta – Delta System

a A
Zl

_ +

ZL
ZL
+ _

b
c _ + B C
Zl ZL

Zl
 Delta – Wye System

a A
Zl

_ + ZL

+ _
ZL ZL
b
c _ + B C
Zl

Zl
 a a
A
I aA I AB ICA
+

V 0
_
Z Z
n
_ _
V -2 4 0 V -1 2 0 IB C
+ +
b b B C
c Z

c
PHASOR DIAGRAM
Vab Van  Vbn
| V p | 0 | V p |   120
| V p | 1  (cos120  j sin 120) 
1 3
| V | p  | V p |   j 
2 2 
 3 | V p | 30

Vbc  3 | V p |   90
Vca  3 | V p |   210

VL  3 | V p | Line Voltage
THREE PHASE POWER
MEASUREMENT

12
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF
THREE-PHASE POWER
Various methods are used for the measurement of three
phase power in three phase circuits based on the number
of wattmeter used.

• Three wattmeter method

• Two wattmeter method
• Single wattmeter method
MEASUREMENT OF THREE PHASE POWER BY THREE
WATTMETER METHOD
Three Wattmeter method is used to measure power in :-

• 3 phase, 4 wire system.

• 3 phase, 3 wire delta connected load.

The Three-wattmeter method can be used irrespective of whether

the load is balanced or unbalanced.
The connections for Star/Delta connected loads for
measuring power by Three wattmeter method is shown
below:-
 The pressure coil of
all
the Three wattmeter
namely W1, W2 and
W3 are connected to a
common terminal known
as the neutral point. The
product of the phase
current and line voltage
represents as phase
power and is recorded by
individual wattmeter.
15
 The total power in a Three wattmeter method of
power measurement is given by the algebraic sum
of the readings of Three wattmeter. i.e.

16
MEASUREMENT OF THREE PHASE
POWER BY TWO WATTMETER METHOD
Two Wattmeter Method can be used to measure the power in :-

• 3 phase, 3 wire star connected load.

• 3 phase, 3 wire delta connected load.

The two wattmeter method is used for the power measurement

in the 3-phase system, irrespective of whether the load is
balanced or unbalanced.
MEASUREMENT OF POWER BY TWO
WATTMETER METHOD IN STAR
CONNECTION

18
Let W1 and W2 Be the two
wattmeter.

Let and the

phase voltages across the
three loads

, and be the phase

currents respectively.

19
 Instantaneous power measured by the Wattmeter,
W1 is

 Instantaneous power measured by the Wattmeter,

W2 is

20
 Therefore, the Total Power Measured by the Two
Wattmeter W1 and W2 will be obtained by adding the
equation (1) and (2).

 Here P is the total power absorbed in the three loads at

any instant.
21
Power factor measurement
MEASUREMENT OF POWER BY
TWO WATTMETER METHOD IN
DELTA CONNECTION

25
There are similar notations for delta also.
26
 Therefore, the instantaneous power measured by
the Wattmeter, W1 will be given as

 Therefore, the instantaneous power measured by

Wattmeter, W2 will be

27
 Hence, to obtain the total power measured by the Two
Wattmeter the two equations, i.e. equation (3) and (4)
has to be added.

 Here P is the total power absorbed in the three loads at

any instant.

28
MEASUREMENT OF POWER BY SINGLE PHASE
WATTMETER METHOD

29
• The wattmeter gives the value of power per phase.

• Therefore, Total power = 3 X Power per phase

= 3 X wattmeter reading

•The one wattmeter method is used for power

measurement in the 3-phase star connected balanced 25
load.
Circuit diagram
Gang rheostat
TPST switch (Triple pole triple
throw)
3 phase power supply
Observation table 1 (Balanced
resistive load)
, f (frequency)= 50 Hz
Resistance value 26 ohm , 20 OHM , 15 OHM

1
2
3
Observation table 2 (balanced
capacitive load )
, f (frequency)= 50 Hz
Capacitance value 140 , 70 , 35
Observation table 3 (balanced
R-L load )
, f (frequency)= 50 Hz
Resistance value 26 ohm , 20 OHM , 15 OHM
Inductance value 104mH , 30mH, 7mH
THANK YOU