GRAPHIC AIDS
INTRODUCTION OF GRAPHIC
AIDS
The word graphic has its origin in the Greek words “ GRAPHICKOS” and
“GRAPHIEIN” the former word meaning to paint or draw and the later
meaning to represent with lines.
DEFINITION
Graphic teaching aids are the illustrative instructional material depicted on a
two dimensional surface combining drawing, painting, pictures and words .
It provides non- verbal and visual learning experience resulting in the
formation of the mental association between abstract and concrete ideas.
TYPES OF GRAPHIC AIDS
Cartoon
Newspaper
Posters
Flash cards
Charts
Chalkboard
Graphs
Photographs
Bulletin board
Flannel board
CARTOON
A cartoon is humours caricature which gives a subtle message.
A cartoon is a figurative and subtle graphic aid. It is metaphorical
representation of reality.
Components of Cartoon making:
Fantasy
Satire
Incongruity
Exaggeration
Personalized humour
ADVANTAGES OF CARTOON
A cartoon canbe used te effectively used to initiate certain lesson.
A Cartoon can be used to motivate students to start a discussion.
It is used for making lesson lively and interest.
NEWSPAPER
The newspaper furnished many examples which can be used to introduce lesson.
The people may learn to read and interpret the contents along with pictures to
enhance easy grasping .
Components of newspaper:
Pictures
Photographs
Simple language
Articles
Newspapers available in low cost, easy to
Read and in understandable simple language.
POSTERS
It is a good substitute for first experienced .
It varies from a simple printed card to a complicate and artistic design.
It should be always a part of campaign. It will serve first time inspire people and lastly it
will serve as a remainder to the group.
Features of poster:
Simplicity in depiction
Dramatic action
Colourfulness
Eye catching figurative design
Packed short message
Attractive
Seek attention.
FLASH CARDS
Flash cards are small cards which are shown for a few moments before the
class to send across message or important an idea .
It should be brief.
They may also be used for reviewing
a lesson with students .It would be
used along with the other graphic
aids to make the lesson effective.
ADVANTAGES OF FLASH
CARDS
It can be used to review a topic.
It can be used to interact and present topics.
It use to apply information already gained by students to new situation.
It can be used for drill & practice in elementary classes .
It can be used for playing educational games to couple learning with fun.
CHARTS
A chart is a combination of pictorial, graphical, numerical or vertical material which
present a clear visual summary.
These visual symbols used for summarising , comparing , contrasting or performing
other services in explaining subject matter and diagnostic representation of the facts
and ideas.
Purpose of charts :
To show continuity in process .
For presenting the material symbolically.
For showing relationship by means of facts and figures.
For presenting abstract ideas in visual form.
For showing development of structure .
For creating problems and stimulating thinking.
TYPES OF CHARTS
Chain chart
Flow chart
Tabulation chart
Time table charts
Tree chart
Job chart
CHALKBOARD
The chalkboard is the life of classroom .It is the most commonly used visual
aid by whoever he teacher.
A chalkboard is tremendous help to the teacher for explaining illustrating
and giving notes to his students . A chalkboard is generally installed facing
class which is either built into the walk or fixed and framed on the wall with
a ledge to keep the sticks and duster .
The recommended size of board is 5m×6m.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CHALKBOARD
The surface of the chalkboard should be rough enough to hold the writing
on the board.
The writing should be easily removable with a cloth or foam duster .
The surface of the board should be dull enough to eliminate glare which
hampers visibility of the writing on the board .
The chalkboard should be mounted on an appropriate height within the
reach of the teacher and visibility of students.
TYPES OF CHALKBOARD
Black or green chalkboard
Exhibition board
Double side stand board
Write & wipe off-white board
Information notice board
Magnetic board
Black ceramic unbreakable board
ADVANTAGES OF
CHALKBOARD
It is a convenient visual aid for group teaching.
It is an economical teaching aid .
It can be used over and again .
It can be easily used for giving lesson notes to students.
It works as a good visual aid for drill and revision .
It can be used for drawing enlarged illustration from the textbooks
LIMITATIONS OF
CHALKBOARD
It makes students heavily dependent on the teacher .
Constant use of chalkboard make it smooth and full of glare.
It makes chalkpowder to spread and inhaled by both the teacher and
students.
It doesn’t care for the individual needs of students.
GRAPHS
Graphs depicts numerical or quantitative development or statistical data are
presented in the form of the visual symbols.
Exact specifications depict specially quantitative data to analysis, comparison and
interpretation.
Types of graphs:
Pie graph or circle graph
Bar graph
Line graph
Pictorial graph
Ogive
Commutative frequency graph
PIE GRAPH.
PICTORIAL GRAPH
PHOTOGRAPHS
Exact visual recording of the things which will occur in real life situation .
It may be white and black or coloured or mounted or unmounted
photographic points.
They my be used :
In personal teaching situation
Visual display in exhibition or bulletin board.
Projected with an opaque project or suited to teach illiterated .
PHOTOGRAPHS
FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING,
A PHOTOGRAPH MUST:
Tell a story
Have a plain and simple background
Illustrated only one point and give accurate
results.
Shows the main subject prominently
Shows action , emotion, and useful for easy
understanding.
BULLETIN BOARD
Bulletin board used for both educational and informational purposes.It can motivate, supplement and
enrich learning and stimulates thoughts.
It employs intrinsic motivation through the medium of interest , caurisity nd and desire for knowledge .
It is simple device placed either indoor or outdoor , kept in a suitable place. It can provide a suitable place
for the display of all kinds of creative word of the students
It is a soft board which will hold pins or tags which are most suitable.
Items generally used in buletin boards:
Photographs
Publication
Drawing
Specimen
Poster
Newspaper
Cut out illustration
USES OF BULLETIN BOARD
To communicate the ideas .
To motivate the learner .
To provide information.
To add variety to the classroom activity.
To intensity impression and vitalise instruictions.
To describe the ways of doing a particular items.
Limitations of bulletin board:
It can not be used for all inclusive teaching and they have to be used as
suplementary aids to other teaching aids, at times the collection of relevant
material for certain specific topic mat be difficult.
FLANNEL BOARD
A flannel board is a display board made of wood , cardboard or strawboard
covered with coloured flannel or woollen cloth. Display material like the cut
outs , paper strips, flannel strips , drawing , picture will stick to the flannel
board temporary.
A flannel board of 1.5 m×1.5m is the most widely used .It can be fixed to
next to the chalkboard or can be placed on a stand about one meter above
the ground
ADVANTAGES OF FLANNEL
BOARD
A flannel board display holds the interest of students and arrest their
attention.
The provision of sequential change of material and flannel boards provides
continuity in lesson development.
The quickness and ease with which the display material can be changed on
the flannel boards without use of drawing pins or tags or paste make it
most desirable and convienient isplay boards.
A flannel boards enable teachers to talk along with changing illustration to
develop a lesson .
The changing of picture in the flannel board is able to kindle enthusian and
interest of the teacher as well as students.
ADVANTAGES OF GRAPHIC
AIDS
Arresting student’s attention .
Stimulates interest .
Creative and attracting ways .
Concrete ideas
Conveying information in a condensed form
Providing visual experience.
