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Chapter 1.1-1.3 Introduction

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20 views18 pages

Chapter 1.1-1.3 Introduction

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hazlindaidris
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEC 20012

Programming
Fundamental
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTORY TO PROGRAMMING
Notes 1.1

By : MOHD AZRAL FAUZI

1
1.1: Remember The Programming Language

How human and computer interact :

2
1.1: Remember The Programming Language

Programming Language
Definition:
• A set of rules and reserved words
(keywords) that can be used to tell a
computer what are the operations to be
done.
• Artificial language composed by a fixed
vocabulary and set of rules is used to create
instructions for the computer to follow.

3
1.1: Remember The Programming Language

Background of C Programming

⮚ It was originally developed by Dennis M. Ritchie to developed the


UNIX operating system at Bell Labs.
⮚ Developed at AT&T’s Bell Laboratories of USA in 1972 and
originally first implemented on the DEC PDP-11 computer.
⮚ The UNIX operating system, the C compiler, and the essentially all
UNIX application programs have been written in C.
⮚ C Become a widely used because:
-easy to learn
- Structured language
-It produces efficient programs
- It can handle low-level activities
- It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms.
4
1.1: Remember The Programming Language
Sample of C Program: Printing a line of text
1 /* Fig. 2.1: fig02_01.c
2 A first program in C */
3 #include <stdio.h>
4
5 int main()
6 {
7 printf( "Welcome to C!\n" );
8
9 return 0;
10 }

Welcome to C!

• Comments
– Text surrounded by /* and */ is ignored by computer
– Used to describe program

5
1.1: Remember The Programming Language

• #include <stdio.h>
- Preprocessor directive
- Tells computer to load contents of a certain file
- <stdio.h> allows standard input/output operations

• int main()
– C++ programs contain one or more functions, exactly one
of which must be main
– Parenthesis used to indicate a function
– int means that main "returns" an integer value
– Braces ({ and }) indicate a block
The bodies of all functions must be contained in braces
6
1.1: Remember The Programming Language

• printf( "Welcome to C!\n" );


– Instructs computer to perform an action
• Specifically, prints the string of characters within
quotes (“ ”)
– Entire line called a statement
• All statements must end with a semicolon (;)
– Escape character (\)
• Indicates that printf should do something
out of the ordinary
• \n is the newline character
7
1.1: Remember The Programming Language

• return 0;
– A way to exit a function
– return 0, in this case, means that the
program terminated normally

• Right brace }
– Indicates end of main has been reached

8
1.1: Remember The Programming Language

Sample of C Program : Adding three numbers


Example 1
Write a program that can accept a three integer data entered by the user. Get the average number and finally
show the numbers and average numbers

9
1.1: Know The Programming Language
Sample of C Program
Example 2
The pseudo code below is to find the volume of a box if the length, width and height are given. Write the
program based on the pseudo code below.

10
DEC 20012
Programming
Fundamental
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTORY TO PROGRAMMING
Notes 1.2

By : MOHD AZRAL FAUZI

11
1.2: Remember Definition and Types of Programming

⚫Programme : A computer program is a


sequence of instructions written to perform
a specified task for a computer.

12
1.2: Remember Definition and Types of Programming

⚫Programmer : is someone who writes


computer software. The term computer
programmer can refer to a specialist in one
area of computer programming or to a
generalist who writes code for many kinds of
software.

13
1.2: Remember Definition and Types of Programming

⚫A programming language is a notation for writing


programs, which are specifications of a
computation or algorithm.
⚫A programming language is an artificial language
designed to express computations that can be
performed by a machine, particularly a computer.
⚫Programming languages can be used to create
programs that control the behavior of a machine,
to express algorithms precisely, or as a mode of
human communication.

14
1.3 : Types of Programming and Structure Programming
Methodology

🞆 Structured programs are often composed of


simple, hierarchical program flow structures.
These are sequence, selection, and repetition.

15
1.3 : Types of Programming and Structure Programming
Methodology

🞆 Modular programming is subdividing the


program into separate subprograms such as
functions and subroutines.

🞆 Subprograms make your actual program shorter,


hence easier to read and understand.
1.3 : Types of Programming and Structure Programming
Methodology

🞆 Object Oriented Programming is type of


programming in which programmers define not
only the data type of a data structure, but also the
types of operations (functions) that can be
applied to the data structure.

🞆 The data structure becomes an object that


includes both data and functions.

17
Thank You!!

18

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