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Chapter 7.5: Muscular System Overview

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51 views13 pages

Chapter 7.5: Muscular System Overview

Uploaded by

hshazam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Anatomy Bowl

CHAPTER 7 STUDY Prep

GUIDE By: Amanda


Morden

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
THREE MAJOR TYPES OF MUSCLE
TISSUE
(UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCES)

1. Skeletal muscle
-”striated muscle”
-”voluntary muscle”

2. Cardiac muscle
-”striated muscle”
-”involuntary muscle”

3. Smooth muscle
-”voluntary muscle”
-”visceral muscle”

For each, know where it is located, the physical


description, and what it does
 Skeletal muscle:
 Is in our biceps, triceps, postural muscles, etc
 Smooth muscle:
 Is found along our digestive tract: used to move food along
 Cardiac muscle:
 Is found in the heart
STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

 Origin
 The stationary attachment to bone
 Insertion
 The more movable attachment site to bone
 Tendons
 Anchor muscles firmly to bones
 Made of dense fibrous connective tissue in the shape of heavy
cords
 Bursae
 Lie in between some tendons and bones beneath them
 Synovial membrane
 Secretes a slippery lubricating fluid that fills the bursa
 Tendon sheaths
 Enclose some tendons
MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Muscle fibers
 Specialized contractile cells that are grouped together and
arranged in a highly organized way
Thin and thick myofilaments
 Thick filaments are composed of myosin
 Thin filaments composed of actin
Actin
 Thin filaments
Myosin
 Thick filaments
Sarcomere
 The basic functional or contractile unit of skeletal muscle
MUSCLE STIMULUS

 Understand what a motor unit is and how it works


Define:
Neuromuscular junction
 Specialized point of contact between a nerve ending and the muscle fiber it
innervates
Motor neuron
 a specialized nerve that transmits an impulse to a muscle

 Know how the process of muscle stimulus works


When does a muscle fiber fire?
 When stimulated a muscle fiber will fire when it has reached its threshold
When does it not?
 If the stimulus is not strong enough the muscle will not fire
Understand and define:
Threshold stimulus
 Minimal level of stimulation needed to make a muscle contract
“All or none” muscle response
 Muscles will not partially contract. It will contract or remain the same
TYPES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
CONTRACTION
 Know the difference between:
1.A twitch contraction vs. a tetanic contraction
[Link] isotonic contraction vs. an isometric contraction
 Twitch contraction
 Is laboratory
 Does not play a significant role in normal muscular activity
 Tetanic
 Are sustained and steady contractions caused by a series of
stimuli bombarding the muscle
EXERCISE EFFECTS

 What happens when you don’t exercise?


Know and define:
 Disuse atrophy
 Atrophy is when the muscle fibers become weak due to lack of
stimulation

 What happens when you do exercise?


Know and define:
 Hypertrophy
 Hypertrophy is the increased size of a muscle due to increase of cells
 What are different types of exercise?
Know and define:
 Strength training
 Exercise involving the contraction of muscle against heavy resistance
 Endurance training
 Increases a muscles ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long
period of time
 is also called “Aerobic training”
 Allows for more efficient delivery of oxygen to muscles
SKELETAL MUSCLE GROUPS

Know the muscles of each group and what


each muscle does

Muscles of the Head and Neck


 Facial muscles
 Orbicularis oculi
 Orbicularis oris
 Zygomaticus
 Muscles of Mastication
 Masseter
 Temporal
 Sternocleidomastoid
 trapezius
 Muscles that move the Upper Extremities
 Pectoralis major- flexes upper arm
 Latissimus dorsi- extends upper arm
 Deltoid- abducts upper arm
 Biceps brachii-flexes forearm
 Triceps brachii- extends forearm
 Muscles of the Trunk
 Rectus abdominis
 External oblique
 Internal oblique
 Transversus abdominis
 Muscles that move the Lower Extremities
 Iliopsoas-flexes hip
 Gluteus maximus- extends thigh
 Adductor magnus- adducts thighs
 Hamstrings- flex lower leg
 Quadriceps- extends lower leg
MOVEMENTS PRODUCED BY SKELETAL
MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
 Flexion
 Movement that decreases the angle between two bones at their joint: bending
 Extension
 Movement that increases the angle between two bones
 Abduction
 Movement of a part away from the midline of the body
 Adduction
 Movement of a part towards the midline of the body
 Rotation
 Movement around a longitudinal axis
 Supination and pronation
 Hand positions that result from rotation of the forearm;
 Supination results in palms facing up
 Pronation results in palms facing down
 Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
 Foot movements;
 Dorsiflexion results in elevation of dorsum or top of foot
 During plantar flexion- the bottom of the foot is directed downward

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