GEOGRAPHY
OUR ENVIRONMENT
CLASS – VII, CHAPTER – 03
OUR CHANGING EARTH
OUR CHANGING EARTH
Good morning dear students,
Today we are going to start our new chapter
that is our changing earth.
Dear students you can look into the given
picture in the screen, there are so may types
of land forms given in the picture. About these
you have learnt a little in class 6. now in this
year we will know how these land forms are
formed naturally. Means what are the factors
responsible to change the shape of the Earth
externally as well as internally.
OUR CHANGING
EARTH
The lithosphere is broken into a number of
plates known as the Lithospheric plates. You
will be surprised to know that these plates move
around very slowly – just a few millimeters each
year. This is because of the movement of the
molten magma inside the earth. The molten
magma inside the earth moves in a circular
manner
ENDOGENIC FORCES AND EXOGENIC FORCES
The movement of these plates causes
changes on the surface of the earth. The
earth movements are divided on the
basis of the forces which cause them.
The forces which act in the interior of the
earth are called as Endogenic forces
and the forces that work on the surface
of the earth are called as Exogenic
forces
EARTHQUAKES
When the Lithospheric plates move, the
surface of the earth vibrates. The vibrations
can travel all round the earth. These
vibrations are called earthquakes (Fig. 3.3).
The place in the crust where the movement
starts is called the focus. The place on the
surface above the focus is called the
epicentre. Vibrations travel outwards from the
epicentre as waves. Greatest damage is
usually closest to the epicentre and the
strength of the earthquake decreases away
from the centre.
EARTH QUAKE
PREDICTION OF EARTHQUAKE
Although earthquakes cannot
be predicted, the impact can
certainly be minimised if we are
prepared before-hand. Some
common earthquake prediction
methods adopted locally by
people include studying animal
behaviour; fish in the ponds get
agitated, snakes come to the
surface.
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS
Where to take shelter during an earthquake —
• Safe Spot – Under a kitchen counter, table or desk,
against an inside corner or wall.
• Stay Away from – Fire places, areas around
chimneys, windows that shatter including mirrors and
picture frames.
• Be Prepared – Spread awareness amongst your
friends and family members and face any disaster
confidently.
SEISMOGRAPH
Earthquake is measured with a
machine called a seismograph. The
magnitude of the earthquake is
measured on the Richter scale. An
earthquake of 2.0 or less can be felt
only a little. An earthquake over 5.0
can cause damage from things
falling. A 6.0 or higher magnitude is
considered very strong and 7.0 is
classified as a major earthquake.
VOLCANO
A volcano is a
vent (opening)
in the earth’s
crust through
which molten
material erupts This natural phenomena is also responsible for
changing the shape and land forms on the Earth, as
suddenly due to this so many old land forms can be destroyed
at the same time new forms can be made.
RECAPITULATION
1. Our earth is keep on changing.
2. Lithospheric plates.
3. Endogenic and exogenic forces are responsible for these changes.
4. In internal process, Earth Quake and volcano are the main factor.
5. Earth quake means vibration of the land surface due to movement of
lithospheric plates.
6. The intensity of earthquake is measured by an equipment which is
known as seismograph.
7. Destruction caused by earth quake can be minimized by making
people aware.
8. Coming out the molten magma from the earth crust is known as
Volcanic eruption.
HOME WORK
1. Why do the plates move?
2. What are exogenic and endogenic forces?
Activity:-
3. Imagine if a quake suddenly shook in the middle of the school
day, where would you go for safety?
4. Take a container, fill it with water and close it with a lid. Put the
water to boil. Now put some peas, spoon and beads on top on the
lid. What do you notice? As the water boils the lid begins to shake.
The things which you have put on the lid also vibrate. The beads
roll down and the spoon vibrates to make a sound. In the same
manner, the earth vibrates when an earthquake occurs.
THANKING YOU
