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Group 3 Stack

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7 views11 pages

Group 3 Stack

Uploaded by

lili film
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STAC
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What is Stack?
A stack is a fundamental data structure that follows the Last-In-First-
Out (LIFO) principle. It represents a collection of elements where the
last element added is the first one to be removed. Stacks are widely
used in computer science and programming due to their simplicity
and efficiency. They are used in various applications such as
expression evaluation, function call stack management, undo
operations, and more. In this guide, we will explore the concept of
stacks, stack operations (push, pop, peek), stack implementation
using arrays and linked lists, as well as applications and use cases of
stacks in the C# programming language.
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Introduction to
Stack
A stack is a linear data structure that stores elements in a
particular order. It follows the LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) principle,
meaning that the last element added to the stack is the first one
to be removed. Stacks have two primary operations: push
(adding an element to the top of the stack) and pop
(removing the topmost element from the stack).
Additional operations such as peek (viewing the topmost
element without removing it) and checking for empty or full
conditions are also commonly supported.
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Stack Operations (Push, style Pop, Peek)
Stacks support the following operations:

• Push
The push operation adds an element to the top of the stack. The new
element becomes the topmost element in the stack.

• Pop
The pop operation removes the topmost element from the stack. After the
removal, the next element becomes the new top of the stack.

• Peek
The peek operation allows you to view the topmost element of the stack
without removing it. It is useful for inspecting the element or performing 4 4
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Stack Implementation (Array-based and Linked


List-based)

Stacks can be implemented using either arrays or linked lists.

Array-based Stack Implementation

In an array-based stack implementation, an array is used to


store the elements. The top of the stack is represented by an
index variable that points to the last element in the array.
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Here's an example of an array-based stack
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implementation in C#:

Output
:

In the above example, we define a stack class


using an array and a top variable.
The Push method adds elements to the
stack, Pop removes elements,
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and Peek retrieves the topmost element.
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Linked List-based Stack Implementation

In a linked list-based stack implementation, a linked list


is used to store the elements. The top of the stack is
represented by the head of the linked list.

7 7
Here's an example of an array-based stack
Click to edit Master title style
implementation in C#:

Output
:

In the above example, we define a stack class


using a linked list and a top variable.
The Push method adds elements to the
stack, Pop removes elements,
8 8

and Peek retrieves the topmost element.


Click to edit
Applications Master
and titleofstyle
Use Cases Stacks
Stacks have numerous applications and use cases due to their Last-In-First-Out (LIFO)
behavior. Some common applications include:

• Expression Evaluation: Stacks are used to evaluate arithmetic expressions, handle


operator precedence, and perform infix-to-postfix conversion.

• Function Call Stack: Stacks manage function calls and their local variables, ensuring
proper execution and handling of nested function calls.

• Undo Operations: Stacks are used to implement undo functionality in text editors,
software applications, and interactive environments.

• Backtracking: Stacks are utilized in algorithms that require backtracking, such as maze-
solving and depth-first search.

• Memory Management: Stacks play a role in memory management, particularly in


managing activation records during program execution. 9 9
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Stacks are versatile data structures that follow the Last-In-First-


Out (LIFO) principle. They are commonly used for managing
function calls, expression evaluation, undo operations, and
more. Understanding stack operations, implementing stacks
using arrays or linked lists, and recognizing their applications
can greatly enhance your ability to design efficient algorithms
and solve a wide range of programming problems.

References:
•Stack (abstract data type) - Wikipedia
•Data Structures and Algorithms in C 10
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Thank
You!!!

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