Prepared by:

INSTITUTIONAL Marynhelle Salvador

CORRECTION
PART 2
 SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
1. The Classical School – it maintains the
“doctrine of psychological hedonism” or
“free will”. That the individual calculates
pleasures and pains in advance of action
and regulates his conduct by the result of
his calculations.
2. The Neo-classical School – it
maintained that while the classical
doctrine is correct in general, it should be
modified in certain details. Children and
lunatics cannot calculate the differences
of pleasures from pain, they should be
free from punishment.
3. The Positivist/Italian School – the
school denied individual responsibility
and reflected non-punitive reactions to
crime and criminality. It adheres that
crimes, as any other act, is a natural
phenomenon. Criminal are considered as
sick individuals who need treatment.
 Purposes/ Justification of Punishment
 RETRIBUTION – the punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction is
violated, to afford the society or the individual the opportunity of imposing upon the
offender suitable punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be punished
because the deserve it.
EXPIATION/ATONEMENT – it is punishment in the form of group vengeance where the
purpose is to appease the offended public or group.
DETERRENCE – punishment gives lesson to the offender by showing to others what will
happen to them if they violate the law. Punishment is imposed to warn potential
offenders that they cannot afford to do what the offender has done.
INCAPACITATION AND PROTECTION – the public will be protected if the offender has
been held in conditions where he cannot harm others specially the public. Punishment is
affected by placing offenders in prison so that society will be ensured from further
criminal depredations of criminals.
REFORMATION/REHABILITATION – it is the establishment of the usefulness and
responsibility of the offender. Society’s interest can be better served by helping the
prisoner to become law abiding citizen and productive upon his return to the community
by requiring him to undergo intensive program of rehabilitation in prison
 THEORIES JUSTIFYING
IMPOSITION OF
PUNISHMENT
• Prevention Theory – the state must
punish the criminal to prevent or
suppress the danger to the state arising
from the criminal acts of the offender
• Self-defense Theory – the state has
the right to punish the criminal as a
measure of self-defense to protect the
society from the threat or wrongdoing
inflicted by the criminal.
• Reformation Theory – the object of
punishment is to correct and reform the
offenders.
• Exemplary Theory – the criminal is
punished to serve as an example to
deter others from committing crimes.
• Justice Theory – the crime must be
punished by the state as an act of
retributive justice a vindication of
 Rights of Person
Deprived of Liberty (PDL)
a) Right to be treated in a humane manner;
b) Right to a fair trial with adequate and free legal
assistance;
c) Right to be protected from cruel, inhumane,
degrading treatment and punishment, including
sexual violence and other forms of torture;
d) Right to be kept in official government civilian
prisons and to be protected from being imprisoned
in unofficial places of detention or in military
custody;
e) Right to appear in public before a legally-constituted
court within a short time after their arrest;
f) Right to fair and humane treatment which enables
the maintenance of self-respect;
g) Right to a prison program which enhances their
social and intellectual abilities;
h) Right to separate living arrangements in prison in
accordance with the categories of gender, age, and
reasons for imprisonment;
 Philippine Correction
Administration
The BUREAU OF CORRECTION (BUCOR),
under the DOJ; which has supervision over the
national penitentiary and its penal farms;
The BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND
PENOLOGY (BJMP), under the DILG; which
has the exclusive control over all city, municipal
and district jails nationwide;
The PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT, under DILG;
which supervise and control their respective
provincial and sub-provincial jails; and
The DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFAIR AND
DEVELOPMENT (DSWD), which takes care of,
among others, youthful offenders entered in
detention centers for juveniles, aside from these.
The PAROLE AND PROBATION
ADMINISTRATION (PPA) under the DOJ; and
The BOARD OF PARDONS AND PAROLE also
under the DOJ
PENALTY and THE
MODERN PERIOD OF
CORRECTION
PENALTY is defined as the
suffering inflicted by the state
against an offending member for
the transgression of law
Juridical Conditions of Penalty
Punishment must be:
1. Productive of suffering – without however affecting the integrity of the human
personality.
2. Commensurate with the offense – different crimes must be punished with
different penalties (Art. 25, RPC)
3. Personal – the guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.
4. Legal – the consequences must be in accordance with the law.
5. Equal – equal for all persons.
6. Certain – no one must escape its effects
7. Correctional – changes the attitude of offenders and become law abiding
citizen.
 DURATION OF
PENALTIES
• Arresto Menor – 1 day to 30 days
• Arresto mayor – 1 month and 1 day to 6 months
• Prision Correctional – 6 months and 1 day to 6
years
• Prision Mayor – 6 years and 1 day to 12 months
DEATH PENALTY – CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
• Reclusion Temporal – 12 years and 1 day to 20
years imprisonment
• Reclusion Perpetua – Life imprisonment , a
term of 20 years and 1 day to 40 years
imprisonment
The Philippine
Prison System
• Bureau of Prison was
renamed Bureau of
Correction under Executive
Order 292 passed during the
Aquino administration. It
states that the head of the
Bureau of Correction is the
Director of Prisons who is
appointed by the President
of the Philippines with the
confirmation of the
Commission of Appointment.
 Coverage of the
Bureau Correction
1. National Bilibid Prison
(Muntinlupa,Rizal) – operates two
satellite units:
 Camp Sampaguita – houses medium
security risk prisoners
 Camp Bukang Liwayway – houses
minimum risk security prisoners. This
is where the Bureau of Correction
main is located.
• Land Area: 1,546 hectares
• Principal Product: Copra, Rice,
Coffee, etc.
Coverage of the
Bureau Correction
2. Correctional Institution for Women
(Mandaluyong) – the only female institution
in the Philippines. Since 1934, a female
Superintendent was assigned to supervise the
prison facility.

Vocational activities: dress making, beauty

culture, handicrafts.

3. Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm (Occ.

Mindoro) – this penal farm is intended for
agro-industrial activities

Principal Product: Rice

Coverage of the Bureau
Correction

4. Iwahig Penal Colony and Farm (Palawan)-

envisioned as an institution for incorrigible criminals.
However, the first contingent of prisoners to be
confined revolted against the authorities. Under the
Reorganization Act 1407, the policy was changed,
instead of putting hardened criminals, well behaved
and obedient inmates were sent to the colony
 Land Area: 36,000-41,007 hectares
 Principals Products: Rice, Corn, Copra
5. Davao Penal Colony and Farm (Central Davao)-
this is where the biggest banana and abaca plantation
are located. It is also considered as the highest earner.

 Land Area- 30,000

 Coverage of the Bureau
Correction

6. San Ramon Penal Colony and Farm

(Zamboanga) – founded by Captain Ramon
Blanco, a member of the Spanish royal army.
It was initially intended for the confinement
of political prisoners during Spanish era. It
was closed during the Spanish American war
and was re-opened during American
occupation.
 Land Area:1,546 hectares
 Principal Product: Copra, Rice, Coffee
7. Leyte Regional Prison (Abuyog Leyte) –
established under Proclamation No. 1101.
This penal farm is intended for agro-
industrial activities.
 Land Area: 16,408.5 hectares
 Principal Product: Rice
 WHO IS
PRISONER?
• A person committed to jail or prison by a
competent authority for any of the following
reasons: To serve a sentence after
conviction- Trial-Investigation.
 General Classification of Prisoners

1. Detention Prisoners – those detained

for investigation, preliminary hearing, or
awaiting trial. They are prisoners under
the jurisdiction of Courts.
2. Sentenced Prisoners- offenders who
are committed to jail or prison in order to
serve their sentence after final conviction
by a competent court. They are prisoners
under the jurisdiction of penal
institutions.
3. Prisoners who are on Safekeeping –
includes non-criminal offenders who are
detained in order to protect the
community against their harmful
behavior. Ex. Mentally deranged
individuals, insane person.
 Classification of Sentenced
Prisoners:
1) Insular or National Prisoners- Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of
3 years and 1 day to life imprisonment.
 Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment cited above but appealed the
judgement and unable to file a bond for their temporary liberty.
2) Provincial Prisoners – Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of
imprisonment from 6 month and 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more than 1,000
pesos, or both; or
 Those detained therein waiting for preliminary investigation of their cases
cognizable by the RTC.
3) City Prisoners
- Those sentence to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a fine of
not more than 1,000 pesos or both.
- Those detained therein who cases are filed with the MTC.
- Those detained therein whose cases are cognizable by the RTC and under
Preliminary Investigation.
4) Municipal Prisoners
- Those confined in Municipal jails to serve an imprisonment from 1 day to 6
months
- Those detained therein whose trials of their cases are pending with the MTC.
Classification of Prisoners
According to Degree of Security
• Super Maximum Security Prisoners
- A special group of prisoners composed of incorrigible,
intractable, and highly dangerous persons who are the source
of constant disturbances even in a maximum-security prison.
- They wear ORANGE color of uniform

• Maximum Security Prisoners - It consist of constant

troublemakers but not as dangerous as the super maximum
prisoners. Their movement are restricted, and they are not
allowed to work outside.
- They are confined at the Maximum Security Prison (NBP
Main Building), they wear ORANGE color of uniform.
- Those sentenced to serve sentence 20 years or more, or those
whose sentenced are under the review of the Supreme Court,
and offenders who are criminally insane having severe
personality or emotional disorders.
 • Medium Security Prisoners
Classification of - Those who can be trusted in open conditions
Prisoners According and pose lesser danger than maximum-security
prisoners in case they scape.
to Degree of Security - It consists of group of prisoners who may be
allowed to work outside the fence or walls of
the penal institution under guards or with
escorts.
- They occupy the Medium Security Prison
(Camp Sampaguita) and they wear BLUE
color of uniforms. Generally, they are
employed as agricultural workers.
- It includes prisoners whose minimum sentence
is less than 20 years and life-sentenced
prisoners who served at least 10 years inside
a maximum-security prison.
Classification of
Prisoners According to
Degree of Security
• Minimum Security Prisoners
- A group of prisoners who can be
reasonably trusted to serve sentence
under “open condition”
- This group includes prisoners who
can be trusted to report to their
work assignment without the
presence of guards.
- They occupy the Minimum-
Security Prison (Camp Bukang
Liwayway) and wear BROWN
color uniform.
 INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
(BJMP Manual)
a) High Profile Inmate – require increased security based on intense media
coverage or public concern because of their offense such as but not limited to
those who have been involved in a highly controversial or sensationalized
crime or those who became prominent for being a politician, government
official, television personality, etc.
b) High Risk Inmate – highly dangerous, deemed capability of escape, of being
rescued. Includes those charged with heinous crimes such as murder, kidnapping
for ransom, economic sabotage, syndicated or organized crimes, etc. Also
included are inmates with military or police trainings or those whose life is in
danger or under imminent threat.
c) High Value Target (HVT) – a target, either a resource or person, who may either
be an enemy combatant, high ranking official or a civilian in danger of capture or
death, typically in possession of critical intelligence.
d) Security Threat Group – any formal or informal ongoing inmate’s group, gang,
organization or association consisting of three or more members falling into one
of the following basic categories: street gangs, prison gangs, outlaw gangs,
traditional organized crime, aboriginal gangs, subversive groups and
terrorist organization.
 INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
(BJMP Manual)

e) Subversive Group – a group of persons that adopts or advocates subversive

principles or policies tending to overthrow or undermine an established
government.
f) Terrorist Group – a group of persons that commits any of the following: piracy
and mutiny in the high seas or in the Philippine waters, rebellion or insurrection,
coup d’ etat, murder, kidnapping and serious illegal detention, crimes involving
destruction, arson, hijacking, etc..
g) Violent Extremist Offender (VEO) – a person whose political or religious
ideologies are considered far outside the mainstream attitudes if the society who
has adopted an increasingly extreme ideals and aspirations resorting to the
employment of violence in the furtherance of his/her beliefs.
h) Medium Risk Inmates – those who represent a moderate risk to the public and
staff. The inmates still require greater security, control and supervision as they
might escape from and might commit violence inside the jail.
i) Minimum Risk Inmates (Ordinary Inmates) – those inmates who have lesser
tendencies to commit offenses and generally pose the least risk to public safety. In
most cases, they may be first time offenders and are charged with light offenses.
 Classification of
Inmates According
to Privilege
3rd class inmate – committed three or
more times as sentenced prisoner.
2nd class inmate – newly arrived inmate.
Inmate demoted from 1st class or promoted
from 3rd class.
1st class inmate – known for character and
credit for work while in detention or a
person promoted from 2nd class.
Colonist – one who has passed as the 1 st
class inmate and had served one year
immediately preceding the completion of
the period which is 1/5 GCTA or served 7
years of his life sentence.
Privilege of
Colonist
 Automatic commutation to 30 years of
life imprisonment
 Deduction 5 days per month
 Wear civilian clothes
 Can live with his Family
 Subsidy from the government
 Use of prison facilities
 GCTA (Republic Act
10592)
1-2 years of good behavior : 20
days/month deduction
3-5 years of good behavior: 23
days/month deduction
6-10 years of good behavior: 25 days
/month deduction
11 years and onwards: 30 days/month
deduction
15 days deduction/month: for study and
mentoring
 Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology (BJMP)
The BJMP exercises supervision and control over
all cities and municipal jails throughout the country.
The enactment of Republic Act no. 6975 created
the BJMP. It operates as a line bureau under the
Department of the Interior and Local Government
(DILG).

JAIL – is a place for locking-up of persons who are

convicted of minor offenses or felonies who are to
serve a short sentences imposed upon them by a
competent court, or for confinement of persons who
are awaiting trial or investigation of their cases.
Organization and Key in the BJMP
• Chief, BJMP – The Bureau shall be headed by a
chief with the rank of Director and assisted by
Deputy Chief with the Rank of Chief
Superintendent. The chief serves a tour of duty
that must not exceed four (4) years, unless
extended by the President in times of war and other
national emergencies.
• RA 9263 – “Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology
Professionalization Act of 2004”
 second officer in command of the BJMP is the
Deputy Chief for Administration
 third officer in command is the Deputy Chief for
Operations
 fourth officer in command is the Chief of the
Directorial Staff, all of whom carry the rank of
Chief Superintendent.
 Organization and Key in the BJMP
• Regional Offices – headed by a Regional Director for
Jail Management and Penology, with the rank of at
least Senior Superintendent.
- assisted by an Assistant Regional Director for
Administration, Assistant Regional Director for
Operations, and Regional Chief of Directorial Staff,
who are all officers with the rank of at least
Superintendent.
• Provincial Level – Provincial Jail Administrator. The
rank should be at least Jail Superintendent.
• District Office – headed by District warden. The rank
should be at least Jail Superintendent.
• City Office – city Warden shall head each jail. The
rank should be at least Jail Chief Inspector.
• Municipal Office – The rank should be at least Jail
Inspector.
 Appointment of Uniformed
Personnel to BJMP
a) Jail Officer I to Senior Jail Officer IV –
Appointed by the respective Regional Director for
Jail Management and Penology for the regional
office uniformed personnel or by the respective
Chief of the Jail Bureau for the National
headquarters office uniformed personnel and
attested by the Civil Service Commission. (CSC);
b) Jail Inspector to Jail Superintendent – Appointed
by the respective Chief of the Jail Bureau, as
recommended by their immediate superiors and
attested by the CSC;
c) Jail Senior Superintendent – Appointed by the
Secretary of the DILG upon recommendation of
the respective Chief of the Jail Bureau, with the
proper attestation of the CSC; and
d) Jail Chief Superintendent to Jail Director –
Appointed by the President upon recommendation
of the Secretary of the DIL, with the proper
endorsement by the Chairman of the CSC.
 Non-Commissioned
Officers

 Senior Jail Officer 4 (sergeant)

 Senior Jail Officer 3 (sergeant)
 Senior Jail Office 2 (sergeant)
 Senior Jail Officer 1 (sergeant)
 Jail Officer 3 (corporal)
 Police Officer / Jail Officer 2 (private
first class)
 Police Officer 1 / Jail Officer 1
(private)
Commissioned
Officers
 Director (2-star general officer)
 Chief Superintendent (1-star general
officer)
 Senior Superintendent (colonel)
 Superintendent (lieutenant colonel)
 Chief Inspector (major)
 Senior Inspector (captain)
 Inspector (lieutenant)
 Duties and Responsibilities
A. WARDEN oEscort Platoon
a) Escort Section – to escort inmate upon
- Direction, Coordination, and Control of the Jail
order of any judicial body; upon summon of
- Responsible for the Security, safety, discipline and well a court; or transfer to other penal
being of inmates institution.
B. ASSISTANT WARDEN b) Subpoena Section – receives and distribute
- The office of the Assistant Warden undertakes the court summons, notices, subpoenas, etc.
development of a systematic process of treatment
- Chairman of the Classification Board and Disciplinary oSecurity Platoon – a three(3) working platoon
Board. shifts responsible for ever all security of the jail
C . ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS compound including gates, guard posts and
towers. They are also responsible for the
- Takes charge of all administrative functions of the jail
bureau.
admitting and release unit.
D. SECURITY GROUPS
- Provides a system of sound custody, security and control of
inmates and their improvements and responsible to enforce
prison or jail discipline.
REHABILITATION PURPOSES GROUPS
- This group provides services and assistance to prisoners and their families to enable them to solve
their individual needs and problems arising from the prisoner’s confinement.

1. MEDICAL and HEALT SERVICES BRANCH – provides medical and physical examinations
of inmates upon confinement, treatment of sick inmates and conduct medical and physical
examinations and provide medicines or recommends for the hospitalization of seriously ill
prisoners or inmates. It also conducts psychiatric and psychological examinations.
2. WORK and EDUCATION THERAPY SERVICES – It take charge of the job and educational
programs needed for rehabilitation of inmates by providing them job incentives so they can earn
and provide support for their families while in jail.
3. SOCIO-CULTURAL SERVICES – It takes care of the social case work study of the individual
prisoners by making interviews, home visits, referral to community resources, free legal
services, and liaison works for the inmates.
REHABILITATION PURPOSES

4. CHAPLAINCY SERVICES
- It takes charge of the religious and moral
upliftment of the inmates through religious
services. This branch caters to all religious
sects.

5. GUIDANCE and COUNSELING

SERVICES
- Responsible for the individual and group
counseling activities to help inmates solve
their individual problems and to help them
lead a wholesome and constructive life.
 JAIL MANNING
LEVEL

• Custodial Ratio : 1 personnel for

every 7 inmates
• Court Room Ratio: 2 personnel for 1
inmate
• Regular Escort Ratio :1 personnel for
every one inmate plus one personnel
for high-risk inmate.
THE RECEPTION
AND DIAGNOSTIC
CENTER (RDC)

• This is a special unit of prison

(Camp Sampaguita) where new
prisoners undergo diagnostic
examination, study and
observation for the purpose of
determining the programs of
treatment and training best suited
to their needs and the institution
to which they should be
transferred.
  The Psychiatrist – responsible in the examination of the prisoner’s
mental and emotional make-up.
 The Psychologist – responsible to conduct study on character and
It is behavior of the prisoners.
 The Sociologist – study the social case situation of the individual
composed of prisoner.
 The Educational Counselor – change inmate’s attitude towards
the education and recommends educational program for the prisoner.
 The Vocational Counselor – to test the prisoner’s special abilities,
following interest, and skill and recommends for the vocational course best
suited to the prisoner.
staff  The Chaplain- encourage the prisoner to participate in religious
activities.
members:  The Medical Officer – conducts physical examination and
recommend medical treatment of prisoners.
 Custodial-Correctional Officer – recommends the transfer and type
of custody of inmates.
THE QUARANTINE
CELL OR UNIT
 This may be a unit of the prison
or a section of the RDC where the
prisoner is given thorough
physical examination including
blood test, x-rays, vaccinations
and immunity. This is for the
purpose of ensuring that the
prisoner is not suffering from any
contagious disease, which might
be transferred to the prison
population.
 BJMP RECEPTION PROCEDURES

A. GATER –He or she checks the credentials of the person

bringing the inmate/the committing officer to determine
his/her identity and authority. Also, he or she reviews
the completeness of the following documents before the
person bringing an inmate/the committing officer is
allowed to enter the facility.

1. Commitment Order – a written order of the

court, or any agency authorized by law to
issue, entrusting an inmate to a jail for the
purpose of safekeeping during the pendency of
his/her case;
2. Medical Certificate – recent medical certificate
taken within 24 hours prior to admission;
3. Complaint/Information;
4. Police Booking Sheet and;
5. Certificate of detention from PNP and/or NBI.
 BJMP RECEPTION PROCEDURES

B. RECORDS UNIT – this unit examines the NOTE

completeness and authenticity of the requirements  CARPETA – otherwise known as “inmate record
for Commitment (Commitment Order, Booking or jacket”, contains the personal and criminal records
Sheet, Arrest Report and Information)before it of inmates, documents related to his/her incarceration
refers the inmate for physical examination by the such as but not limited to commitment order,
Health Unit. subpoenas, personal identification, orders from court,
and all other papers necessarily connected with the
detention of an inmate.
C. HEALTH UNIT – checks the authenticity of the
entries in the medical certificate; conducts thorough  PRISON RECORD – refers to the information
physical examination of the inmate to determine his concerning an inmate’s personal circumstances,
or her physical condition. offense committed, sentenced imposed, criminal case
number in the trial, the place of confinement, the date
of expiration of sentence, and others.
 BJMP RECEPTION PROCEDURES

D. PROPERTY CUSTODIAN – checks the inmate’s belongings for

presence of contraband; Takes all cash and other personal properties from
the inmate, lists them down on a receipt form with duplicate, duly signed
by him/her and countersigned by the inmate. The original receipt should
be given to the inmate and the duplicate be kept by the property
custodian.
E. DESK OFFICER – books the newly committed inmate in the jail
blotter, assign the inmate to reception area, if any, where he/she shall be
scheduled for orientation on jail rules and regulation, and shall undergo
risk assessment and classification, evaluation and conduct of further
medical evaluation/screening by the Medical Officer.
F. ASSISTANT WARDEN or OFFICER OF THE DAY – orients the
newly committed inmates on jail rules and regulations using the Inmate’s
Orientation Sheet.
G. JAIL WARDEN – coordinates with concerned agencies regarding the
case of inmate for speedy disposition and to furnish them with copies of
the available needed documents. The jail warden shall see to it that all
concerned agencies and persons will be informed of the commitment of te
inmate in his/her jail by submitting a written report.
ADMISSION PROCEDURES IN PRISON
1) RECEIVING – the new prisoner is received at RDC.
The new prisoner usually comes from a provincial or
city jail where he was immediately committed upon
conviction by the court and escorted by the escort
platoon during his transfer to National Prison.
2) CHECKING OF COMMITMENT PAPERS – the
receiving officer checks the commitment papers if
they are in order. That is, if they contain the signature
of the judge or the signature of the check of court, and
the seal of the court.
Requirements for Commitment:
 Commitment Order/Mittimus – It is an order signed by
the judge bearing its seal and signature, directing a jail
officer or a prison authority to receive the offender for
custody or service of sentence imposed therein.
 Medical Certificate
 Complaint/Information
 Police Booking Sheet
 ADMISSION PROCEDURES IN PRISON

3) IDENTIFICATION – the prisoner’s identity is established

through the picture and fingerprint appearing in the
commitment order. This is to ensure the person being
committed is the same as the person being named in the
commitment order.
4) SEARCHING – this steps involves the frisking of the
prisoner and searching his personal things. Weapons and other
items classified as contraband are confiscate and deposited to
the property custodian. This also referred to as shakedown.
Other properties are deposited with the trust fund officer
under recording and receipts.
 CONTRABANDS – any article, item or things prohibited
by law and or forbidden by jail or prison rules.
5) BRIEFING AND ORIENTATION – the prisoner will be
brief and oriented on the rules and regulations of the prison
before he will be assigned to the RDC or the quarantine unit.
GOODLUCK IN YOUR MIDTERM EXAMINATION
SANA MAKAPASA KAYO!