Introduction to AI

What is AI?
• AI (Artificial Intelligence) is the field of computer
science dedicated to creating systems that can
perform tasks requiring human intelligence, such
as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving.

Student name: sama Mohamed

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Introduction to AI
History of AI
• AI has a rich history that stretches back to the mid-20th
century, when pioneers like Alan Turing, John McCarthy,
Marvin Minsky, and Claude Shannon began exploring
foundational concepts like artificial neural networks,
machine learning, and symbolic reasoning. Over the years,
AI research has gone through periods of waxing and
waning, including the AI winter of the 1970s and 1980s,
and the subsequent revival of machine learning algorithms
in the 1990s. In recent years, deep learning algorithms
have enabled computers to process and interpret complex
data, leading to breakthroughs in fields like natural
language processing and computer vision. In 2022, the
release of ChatGPT, a large language model trained by
OpenAI, demonstrated the enormous potential of AI for
transforming the way we communicate and interact with
machines. In the years to come many models like the ones
trained by OpenAI are going to find themselves integrated
into more and more systems such as word processing
software, search engines and many more.
Introduction to AI
Application of AI
• AI-powered personal assistants can generate
personalized responses by accessing data from
customer metadata, previous conversations,
geolocation, knowledge base, and other modular
databases and plug-ins. According to Mordor
Intelligence, the Intelligent Virtual Assistant
market will reach USD 6.27 billion by 2026 after
witnessing significant growth in the 2020s.

• AI virtual assistants have the edge over

conventional chatbots in many aspects. While
traditional chatbots are trained to respond to
inquiries, AI chatbots can provide dynamic
responses and insights, as they are enriched
with next-generation analytics, machine
learning, AR/VR, and data science.
Types of machine learning
1-supervised learning
• Supervised machine learning learns
patterns and relationships between
input and output data. It is defined by
its use of labeled data. A labeled data is
a dataset that contains a lot of
examples of Features and Target.
Supervised learning uses algorithms
that learn the relationship of Features
and Target from the dataset. This
process is referred to as Training or
Fitting.

• There are two types of supervised

learning algorithms:
1.Classification
2.Regression
 1-1-
Classification
Classification is a type of supervised machine learning
where algorithms learn from the data to predict an
outcome or event in the future.
For example:
A bank may have a customer dataset containing
credit history, loans, investment details, etc. and they
may want to know if any customer will default. In the
historical data, we will have Features and Target.
•Features will be attributes of a customer such as
credit history, loans, investments, etc.
•Target will represent whether a particular customer
has defaulted in the past (normally represented by 1
or 0 / True or False / Yes or No.
Classification algorithms are used for predicting
discrete outcomes, if the outcome can take two
possible values such as True or False, Default or No
Default, Yes or No, it is known as Binary Classification.
When the outcome contains more than two possible
values, it is known as Multiclass Classification. There
are many machine learning algorithms that can be
used for classification tasks. Some of them are:
•Logistic Regression
•Decision Tree Classifier
•K Nearest Neighbor Classifier
•Random Forest Classifier
•Neural Networks
1-2-Regression
Regression is a type of supervised machine
learning where algorithms learn from the data
to predict continuous values such as sales,
salary, weight, or temperature. For example:
A dataset containing features of the house
such as lot size, number of bedrooms, number
of baths, neighborhood, etc. and the price of
the house, a Regression algorithm can be
trained to learn the relationship between the
features and the price of the house.
There are many machine learning algorithms
that can be used for regression tasks. Some of
them are:
•Linear Regression
•Decision Tree Regressor
•K Nearest Neighbor Regressor
•Random Forest Regressor
•Neural Networks
Types of machine learning
2-unsupervised data
unsupervised learning is a method
we use to group data when no
labels are present. Since no labels
are present, unsupervised learning
methods are typically applied to
build a concise representation of the
data so we can derive imaginative
content from it.
For example, if we were releasing a
new product, we can use
unsupervised learning methods to
identify who the target market for
the new product will be: this is
because there is no historical
information about who the target
customer is and their
demographics.
Deep learning
Deep learning is a method of machine
learning, which independently builds (trains)
general rules as an artificial neural network
from example data during the learning
process. Especially in the field of machine
vision, the neural network is usually trained by
supervised learning, i.e. with example data
and predefined results for the example data.
Integration of AI in Architecture
• Design Automation: AI tools can automate repetitive
design tasks and generate multiple design options.
• Predictive Analysis: AI can analyze past projects to
predict future design performance and potential
issues.
• Optimization: AI algorithms can optimize building
layouts for space efficiency and energy usage.
Real Examples:
•Generative Design: Autodesk’s Fusion 360 uses AI to
generate multiple design alternatives based on user-
defined parameters.
•Building Information Modeling (BIM): AI-enhanced BIM
tools can help with clash detection, cost estimation, and
project scheduling.
•Smart Buildings: AI systems manage energy
consumption, lighting, and climate control based on real-
time data.
Impact of Advanced AI Methodologies:
NLP and Computer Vision
Natural Language Processing (NLP):it's a
subfield of artificial intelligence concerned with the
interactions between computers and human
(natural) languages, in particular how to program
computers to understand, interpret and manipulate
human language.

Impact on Architecture:
Document Analysis: Automating the review of
architectural documents and code compliance.
Voice Command Systems: Integrating voice
assistants for smart building management.
Impact of Advanced AI Methodologies:
NLP and Computer Vision
Computer Vision (CV) has increasingly become one of the
rapid-paced platforms of artificial intelligence or AI with
its recent surge in popularity. The intended purpose of
computer vision technology is to mimic the complexity of
the human visual system, which includes the eyes,
receptors, and the visual cortex. A machine processes and
recognizes images and videos like the human brain does
more accurately and faster.

Impact in architecture
• Design Visualization: AI can assist in visualizing 3D
models and detecting design errors.
• Site Analysis: Analyzing images of construction sites
for progress monitoring and quality control.
 Top Used AI Tools in Architecture

• Midjourney : in schematic design phase

• Autodesk Revit with Dynamo: Integrates AI to automate

design and analysis tasks
• Spacemaker AI: Uses AI to optimize building design for
spatial efficiency and environmental impact.
• TestFit: AI-driven tool for space planning and optimizing
building layouts quickly.
Thank you