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Introduction To Sockets

Sukbsmbava aknfnsks hooch n bich

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32 views19 pages

Introduction To Sockets

Sukbsmbava aknfnsks hooch n bich

Uploaded by

sohamastane077
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Sockets

• Socket
• Why Sockets? –
• Used for Interprocess communication.
• • The Client-Server model – Most interprocess
communication uses client-server model
• – Client & Server are two processes that wants
to communicate with each other
• – The Client process connects to the Server
process, to make a request for
information/services own by the Server.
• – Once the connection is established between
Client process and Server process, they can start
sending / receiving information.
• What are Sockets? –
• End-point of interprocess communication.
• – An interface through which processes can
send / receive information
• What exactly creates a Socket?
• – tuple – {Source , Destination }
• What makes a connection?
• i.e. source socket – destination socket pair
uniquely identifies a connection.
• Socket Types –
• STREAM – uses TCP which is reliable, stream
oriented protocol,
• DATAGRAM – uses UDP which is unreliable,
message oriented protocol
• RAW – provides RAW data transfer directly over
IP protocol (no transport layer)
• Sockets can use –
• “unicast” ( for a particular IP address destination) –
• “multicast” ( a set of destinations – 224.x.x.x)
• “broadcast” (direct and limited)
• Transmission Control Protocol
• A connection-based protocol that provides a reliable flow
of data between two computers.
• Provides a point-to-point channel for applications that
require reliable communications.
• – The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
File Transfer Protocol (FTP),
• and Telnet are all examples of applications that require a
reliable communication channel
• Guarantees that data sent from one end of the
connection actually gets to the other end and in the same
order it was sent.
• Otherwise, an error is reported.
User Datagram Protocol
• A protocol that sends independent packets of data,
called datagrams, from one computer to another with
no guarantees about arrival.
• UDP is not connection based like TCP and is not
reliable:
• – Sender does not wait for acknowledgements
• Arrival order is not guaranteed – Arrival is not
guaranteed
• Used when speed is essential, even in cost of
reliability –
• e.g. streaming media, games, Internet telephony, etc
Client-Side Programming
• To connect to another machine we need a socket connection.
• A socket connection means the two machines have information about each other’s
network location (IP Address) and TCP port.
• The java.net.Socket class represents a Socket.
• To open a socket:
• Socket socket = newSocket(“127.0.0.1”, 5000)

• The first argument – IP address of Server. ( 127.0.0.1 is the IP address of localhost,


where code will run on the single stand-alone machine).
• The second argument – TCP Port. (Just a number representing which application to
run on a server. For example, HTTP runs on port 80.
• Port number can be from 0 to 65535)
• Communication
To communicate over a socket connection, streams are used to both input and
output the data.
• Closing the connection
• The socket connection is closed explicitly once the message to the server is sent.

•
The TCP/IP Client Socket or Socket Class

• A TCP/IP client socket is used to create a reliable, bi-directional,


stream-based connection between two computers on a
network.
• A socket is simply an endpoint for communications between the
machines
• Socket class is used to connect to server sockets & initiate
protocol exchange
• It Establish connection between client and server.
Constructor
Socket (String hostname, int port)
Socket(InetAddress ipaddr, int port)
Methods of the Socket Class
• InetAddress getInetAddress() -- Returns the InetAddress that is
associated with the socket object.

int getPort() -- Returns the port number on which the socket is connected

int getLocalPort() -- Returns the local port number on which the socket is
created

InputStream getInputStream() -- Returns the InputStream associated with


the calling object.

OutputStream getOutputStream() -- Returns the OutputStream


associated with the calling object.

void close() -- Closes the InputStream() and OutputStream() of the socket.


TCP/IP Sockets
• Server sockets –
Wait for requests to come in over the network
– Implemented by java.net.ServerSocket class
• Client sockets
–Used to send and receive data
– Can be thought of as a pair of input and output
streams
– Implemented by java.net.Socket class
Server vr. Client Socket
• Server socket: waiting for connection requests
• Client socket: transmission of data
Server socket
• The constructors
1) ServerSocket (int port) throws BindException,
IOException
creates a server socket bounded to the specified
port with a queue length 50.
2) ServerSocket (int port, int maxQueue) throws
BindException, IOException
-creates a server socket bounded to the specified
port with a queue length of maxQueue.
3)ServerSocket (int port, int maxQ, InetAddress
ip) throws IOException
creates a server socket bounded to the specified port
with a queue length of maxQueue.
ip specifies the IP Address to which this socket binds.
Client socket
• The constructors
1) public Socket(String host, int port) throws
UnknownHostException, IOException.
❖Creates a socket connecting to the local host to
the named host and port
2) public Socket(InetAddress host, int port)
throws IOException
❖Creates a socket using a preexisting InetAddress
and port
steps occur when establishing a TCP connection
between two computers using sockets −
• The server instantiates a ServerSocket object,
denoting which port number communication is to
occur on.
• The server invokes the accept() method of the
ServerSocket class. This method waits until a client
connects to the server on the given port.
• After the server is waiting, a client instantiates a
Socket object, specifying the server name and the
port number to connect to.
• The constructor of the Socket class attempts to connect
the client to the specified server and the port number.
• If communication is established, the client now has a
Socket object capable of communicating with the
server.
• On the server side, the accept() method returns a
reference to a new socket on the server that is
connected to the client's socket.
• Once aconnection are established,communication
occurs using I/O Streams ie InputStream &
OutputStream.

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