Research and Publication Ethics
(PRM3105)
Dr. Vijay Kumar Sinha
Professor , CSE
01
PRM3105 - Research and Publication Ethics
Unit I: Introduction
Introduction to Philosophy:
Definition, nature and scope, concept, branches
Ethics: Definition, moral philosophy, nature of
moral judgments and reactions
Ethics with respect to Science and Research
Intellectual
Honesty and Research integrity
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Introduction
• Philosophy deals with philosophical and foundational problems that
arise within.
• Literally, the term "philosophy" means "love of wisdom” in Greek ( by
way of Latin, philosophia) .Here wisdom refers to the quality of having
experience, knowledge, and good judgement; the quality of being wise
as well.
• In a broad sense, philosophy as an academic discipline is an activity
that people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental
truths the world in which they live, and their relationships to the
world and to each other.
• Those who study philosophy are perpetually engaged in asking,
answering, and arguing for their answers for the most basic questions.
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Introduction – Continued……
• Generally Philosophy of science is as old as philosophy itself,
especially if we take into account that science has long been
regarded as a paradigm of privileged knowledge, where
paradigm means a typical example or pattern of something;
• Difference between Scientific study and Philosophical study
The main difference between science and philosophy is that
science deals with hypothesis testing based on factual data
whereas philosophy deals with logical analysis based on
reason.
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• In Doctor of Philosophy ( Ph.D.) – program Philosophy includes
1. There are no failures — just results to learn by doing .
2. Keep Stretching (even sometimes Shrinking) and challenging
your topic and Research.
3. You don’t have to understand “everything” but understand
“Your Research”
4. Integrity at every stage and every action.
5. The well known standard “S.M.A.R.T” which represents
Specific , Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time bound
are the
Basic Philosophy in the Ph.D. program
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Definition(s) of Philosophy
The most general definition of philosophy is that it is the pursuit of
wisdom, truth, and knowledge.
In the academic world, philosophy distinguishes a certain area of
study from all other areas.
Philosophers typically consider questions that are, in some sense,
broader and/or more fundamental than other questions
The main method of academic philosophy is to construct and
evaluate arguments (i.e. reasons intended to justify some
conclusion). Such conclusions might be that some theory is true or
false or might be about the correct analysis or definition of certain
concepts.
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• Other definitions of Philosophy is that
• It is a rational, abstract, and methodical consideration of
reality as a whole of fundamental dimensions of a
proposed Research problem.
• At its simplest, philosophy is a study of knowledge, or
thinking although the breadth of what it covers is
perhaps best illustrated by a selection of other
alternatives
• Other definitions of Philosophy
• Philosophy is a science which discovers the real nature of
supernatural elements – Aristotle
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• Philosophy is mental activity – Levison
• Philosophy is a daily activity - Socrates
• "Science attempts only at the discovery of facts. Philosophy
is not interested in the discovery of facts. Rather, it is
interested in facts in so far as to provide an attitude towards
them. It tries to organize, interpret, clarify and criticize the
already discovered facts of science –Phoenix
• Philosophy "as an activity of criticism or
clarification."D.J. Connar
• "Philosophy is not a search for truth, but a trail of truth".
Existentialists -
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• Nature and Scope of Philosophy
• Nature and Scope can be said as one word ‘characteristics’ of
Philosophy
• Philosophy is a vast field where all branches of knowledge gets
its place.
• Some Well-Known Branches of Philosophy are (each of is
possess some characteristics)
• Metaphysics
• Axiology
• Epistemology
• Ethics
• Logic
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• Nature and Scope of Philosophy
• The scope of philosophy is very vast
• Scope refers to width and breadth,
outlook, comprehensiveness, range of
experience etc.
• The scope of philosophy can be
understood by seeing the branches of
philosophy (refer next slide)
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PRM3105 - Research and Publication Ethics
• RECAP
• Unit I: Introduction
• Introduction to Philosophy:
Definition, nature and scope, concept, branches
Ethics: Definition, moral philosophy, nature of
moral judgments and reactions
Ethics with respect to Science and Research
Intellectual
Honesty and Research integrity
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• Concept and Branches of Philosophy
• Research (in philosophy) deals with the
source, nature and development of
knowledge.
• In simple terms, research (in philosophy) is a
belief about the ways in which data about a
phenomenon should be collected, analyzed
and used.
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• Branches of Philosophy
• Metaphysics
• Axiology
• Epistemology
• Ethics
• Logic
• etc
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PRM3105 - Research and Publication Ethics
• Unit I: Introduction
Introduction to Philosophy:
Definition, nature and scope, concept,
branches
Ethics: Definition, moral philosophy,
nature of moral judgments and reactions
Ethics with respect to Science and
Research Intellectual
Honesty and Research integrity
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• Branches of Philosophy
• Metaphysics
• Metaphysics has been a primary area of philosophical debate.
• It is mainly concerned with explaining the nature of being in the world.
• Traditionally, it has two different study areas, including Cosmology and
Ontology.
• Cosmology focused on understanding the origin, evolution, and the
eventual fate of the universe, which include laws that keep it in perfect
order.
• Ontology investigates various types of things that exist and their
relationship with each other.
• Much before the discovery of modern science, all the science-related
questions were asked as a part of Metaphysics.
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• Branches of Philosophy
• Metaphysics –Examples
• What is existence?
• What is the nature of space and time?
• What are the differences between empirical and
conceptual objects?
• Is human behavior subject to freewill or determined
by causes beyond our control?
• What is identity?
• What is change?
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• Branches of Philosophy
• Axiology
• Also referred to as the theory of value.
• Axiology explores the nature of value and its
metaphysical aspects.
• Value Theory is often interchangeably used as Axiology
and this branch of Philosophy peruses upon the value of
goodness.
• Axiology looks at the concept of value in terms of its
philosophical terms and argues questions about nature
and what actually is valued..
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• Branches of Philosophy
• Axiology and some examples
• Also referred to as the theory of value.
• Axiology explores the nature of value and its
metaphysical aspects.
• Value Theory is often interchangeably used as Axiology
and this branch of Philosophy peruses upon the value of
goodness.
• Axiology looks at the concept of value in terms of its
philosophical terms and argues questions about nature
and what actually is valued..
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• Branches of Philosophy
• Logic and some examples
• OR
• AND
• CONTRAPOSITIVE
• CONVERS
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• Branches of Philosophy
• Ethics and some examples
• Refer the Class Group Discussion
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• Branches of Philosophy
• Epistemology and some examples
• Refer the Class discussion/Group
Discussion
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PRM3105 - Research and Publication Ethics
Ethics /Moral philosophy
Definition
Nature of Moral Judgments and Reactions
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Ethics: Definition
Ethics (also called as Moral philosophy) is
the discipline concerned with what is
morally good and bad and morally right
and wrong.
The term is also applied to any system or
theory of moral values or principles.
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Personal ethics refers to a person's beliefs
about what's right and wrong and guides
individuals in the decisions they make both in
and out of the workplace.
There are a few key differences between
personal and professional ethics.
The primary difference is that a personal set of
ethics refers to an individual’s beliefs and
values in any area of life,
while professional ethics refers to a person’s
values within the workplace.
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Examples of personal ethics
Honesty
Loyalty
Integrity
Respect
Selflessness
Responsibility
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Examples of Professional Ethics
Professional ethics are principles that
govern the behavior of a person or group
in an organization.
Like values, professional ethics provide
rules on how a person should act towards
other people and institutions in such an
environment.
Examples: Refer the class discussion
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Professional Ethics
Some professional organizations may define
their ethical approach in terms of a number of
components.
Typically these include
Honesty
Trustworthiness
Transparency
Accountability
Confidentiality, objectivity, respect, obedience to
the law, and loyalty.
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Professional Ethics –continued….
Confidentiality
Objectivity
Respect
Obedience to the law etc
In summary :
Honesty is the policy may be else-where
but it is the ONLY policy in Research
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Publication Ethics
The Committee on Publication Ethics
(COPE) is an international forum for
editors and publishers of peer-reviewed
journals that provide the “code of
conduct” and “best practice guidelines”
that define publication ethics and advises
editors on how to handle cases of research
and publication misconduct.
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Publication Ethics
Publication ethics are rules of conduct generally
agreed upon when publishing results of scientific
research or other scholarly work.
Generally it is a standard that protects
intellectual property and forbids the re-
publication of another's work without proper
credit.
It also forbids the use of plagiarism of another's
efforts. Data and information published as
original must, in fact, be original.
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Publication Ethics – Keywords
Approval
Consent
Data Accuracy
Falsification
Fabrication
Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism
Thanks
