Interacting with computers
Computer Fundamentals
Lecturer : Nazia Farhana
Lecture 2.2
Ports and Connectors
2
Class discussion
• What to do if ports doesn’t match between input
and output device ?
• Assume, Mr X is a faculty, he has a laptop that
doesn’t have HDMI port. However, He is assigned
in a class room with a latest Multimedia projector
that only takes HDMI input. What Should Mr.X do
now ?
A. Throw his laptop away and buy a new one
B. Use a VGA to HDMI converter
C. Borrow a laptop that has VGA port.
The Keyboard
• The most common input device
– Must be proficient with keyboard
– Skill is called keyboarding
– A standard keyboard includes about 100 keys
• On a standard keyboard, there are five key groups –
1) Alphanumeric keys
2) Modifier keys
3) Numeric keypad
4) Function keys
5) Cursor-Movement keys
Keyboarding Finger Chart
Keyboarding
6
All the functions of Keyboard keys
Modifying keys
We will see more use of this after Mid term.
Modern Keyboards
• Laser Projection Virtual Keyboard uses laser
technology which projects a virtual keyboard on
any flat surface and it connects via Bluetooth
wireless technology
• Easily pair the laser projection Virtual keyboard
with your smartphone, laptop or tablet
• The KiBoJet keyboard comes with a built-in
pico projector.
• Work anywhere with a wall, with a keyboard
that's also a projector
The Mouse
• Allows users to select objects
– Pointer moved by the mouse
Mechanical mouse
Rubber ball determines direction and
speed
The ball often requires cleaning
Optical mouse
Light shown onto mouse pad
Reflection determines speed and
direction
Requires little maintenance
Wireless Mouse
A wireless mouse that sends signals to the
computer without a cord. Bluetooth mice are
commonly used with devices that has built in
Bluetooth.
The Mouse
Interacting with a mouse
Clicking Double Clicking
Scroll
Dragging
Right Clicking
Modern Input Devices
• Unlike keyboards and mice, these input devices are highly intuitive and
easy to use without special skills or training.
Pen Touch Screen
Voice Input
Monitors
• Most common output device
• Two important hardware devices determine the quality of image you see on any
monitor:
– Monitor
– Video Controller
• Computer monitors are roughly divided into two categories –
CRT Monitors Flat-Panel Monitors
Color management
– In color monitors, each pixel is made of three dots –red, green, and
blue (additive colors) (RGB) –arranged in triangle
One pixel
– Three colors blend to make colors
– Varying the intensity creates new colors
– In color printing, Cyan, magenta, yellow, black (sometimes called
subtractive colors) are used
Comparing Monitors
Four characteristics/specifications you should consider when purchasing
a monitor –
Size:
• Measured in inches
• Measured diagonally
Resolution:
• Determined by the number of pixels on the
screen & Expressed as a matrix
• Higher number creates sharper and smaller
images
Comparing Monitors
Refresh rate:
• The number of times per second that
each pixel on the computer screen
scanned
• Measured in hertz (Hz), or in cycles
per second
Dot pitch
• Distance between same-color dots of
adjacent pixels
• Measured in mm
Categories of Printers
• Printers fall into two general categories-
1) Impact printers
– Generate output by striking the paper
– Uses an inked ribbon
– Typewriter (simplest one), dot matrix printer, line printer, band printer
2) Non-impact printers
– Use methods other than force
– Tend to be quiet and fast
– Ink jet printer, Laser printer
Commonly Used Printers
• All-in-one peripherals
– Scanner, copier, printer and fax
– Popular in home offices & small businesses
Print Quality and Speed
Quality Measurement: Dots Per Inch (dpi)
Speed Measurement: pages per minute (ppm)/images per minute (ipm)
Comparing Printers
Determine what you need
Determine what you can spend
Evaluation criteria of printers when make a purchase:
• Initial cost
• Cost of operating
• Image quality
• Speed
Projectors
• Projector:
A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or
moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen.
Sound Systems
Integral part of the computer experience
Capable of recording and playback
Sound Card converts digital sounds to analog
