Bpd Govt.
post graduate
college , kanker
Seminar Presentation
Session – 2023-24
Title – Disease resistance
Guided by Presented by
Dr Kuldeep mam Mukesh Sonwani
Msc 4th sem Botany
INTRODUCTION
• An microorganism is pathogenic because of its
genetic ability to infect other organisms and cause
disease.
• According to plant response
• Host plants may be either immune to a pathogen
even under the most favourable conditions.
Or
• It may show various degrees of resistance.
Or
• Complete susceptible.
WHAT IS DISEASE RESISTANCE.
• Disease resistance is the ability to prevent or
reduce the presence of disease in otherwise
susceptible hosts.
• When a plant is resistant to a disease the disease
can occur on that plant, but is dramatically reduced
in appearance when compared to the susceptible
response.
TYPES OF PLANT
RESISTANCE TO PATHOGENS
• Non-host resistance: Plants are resistance to
certain pathogens because they belong to taxonomic
groups that are outside the range of these host.
• True resistance: Because they possess genes for
resistance (R genes) directed against the virulence
genes of the pathogen.
• Apparent resistance: Because for various reasons,
the plants escape or tolerate infection by the
pathogens.
NON HOST RESISTANCE
• Also known as Plant Innate Immunity, Species
resistance, Durable resistance, Basal defense and
Non-specific resistance.
• It is a broad-spectrum plant defense that
provides immunity to all members of a plant
species against all isolates of a microorganism that
is pathogenic to other plant species.
• Eg: Barley is typically susceptible to Puccinia
hordi to which Wheat is a non-host. The reverse is
true for P. Tritici.
CONT……
1. Preformed or passive defence mechanism
2. Inducible plant defense [Link]:
Necrotic defense reaction in cell, lignin
accumulation, production of antimicrobials
like Phytoalexins, HR response, induction of
pathogenesis related proteins.
TRUE RESISTANCE
• Disease resistance is controlled genetically by the presence of
one, a few or many genes for resistance in the plant (Agrios,
1947).
• Host and the pathogen are more or less incompatible
• 2 kinds of true resistance
• Horizontal resistance
(Nonspecific/General/Minor/Partial/Quantitative/ Polygenic/
Durable): There is some amount of resistance in all the plants,
which is unspecific and active against all their pathogens.
• Vertical resistance
(Major/ Specific/ Qualitative, Monogenic).
• Horizontal resistance: controlled by several genes (hence
polygenic). Each of these genes may be ineffective against
the pathogen or might be playing minor role in resistance.
All the genes might be controlling the several steps in the
physiological process necessary for defense mechanism of
the plant.
• Vertical resistance: Differentiates the different races of
the pathogen i.e. plant varieties which are resistant to
some races of pathogen while they are susceptible to other
races of the same pathogen. R genes play major role in
expression of resistance.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL
RESISTANCE
APPARENT RESISTANCE
• In any area and almost every year, limited or
widespread plant disease epidemics occur on various
crop plants.
• Under certain conditions some very susceptible
plants or varieties of these crops may remain free from
infection or symptoms. This is Apparent resistance.
• This type of resistance is generally a result of
• Disease escape
Or
• Disease tolerance
DISEASE ESCAPE
• Plants do not become infected because 3
factors necessary for disease (susceptible host,
virulent pathogen and favorable environment)
do not interact at proper time or for sufficient
duration.
• Eg: Plant escape disease from soil borne
pathogen because their seeds germinate faster
than other and before the temperature becomes
favorable for the pathogen to attack them.
• Some plants escape disease because they
aresusceptible to a pathogen only at a particulargrowth
stage (Young leaves, stem and fruits; at blossoming or
fruiting; at maturity and early senescence).
• Some factors which affect the survival, infectivity,
multiplication and dissemination of the pathogen are
also likely to allow some plants to escape disease.
Such as;
• Absence or poor growth of the pathogen at the time
the susceptible plant stage is available.
• Destruction or weakening of the pathogen by
hyperparasites or by antagonistic microflora.
• Several environmental factors play crucial roles in
plant disease escapers
• In temperature ranges that favor plant growth much
more than they do the growth of the [Link]
other environmental factors allow plants to escape
disease. Eg; Wrong direction of the blowing wind at
the time of infection thus spores unable to land on
host.
• Lack of pathogen dissemination like wind, rain or
vectors are absent.
DISEASE TOLERANCE
• Ability of the plant to produce a good crop even
when they are infected with a pathogen
• Tolerance results from specific, heritable
characteristic of the host plant that allow the
pathogen to develop and multiply in the host
while the host still manage to produce a good
crop.
• Tolerant plants are susceptible to the pathogen,
but they are not killed by it and generally show
little damage.
