Sociology

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Rabail 22014154038
Muskan 22014154-016
Afia 22014154-054
 Illegal migration:

Illegal migration refers to the

movement of people across national
borders in a way that violates the
immigration laws of the destination
country.
Causes

Economic Reasons:
Economic disparities between countries can push individuals to seek better job opportunities
and higher wages in other countries. Economic instability, lack of job opportunities, and
poverty in their home country can drive people to migrate illegally in search of a better life.

Political Instability and Conflict:

Political unrest, persecution, and conflict in a country can force individuals to flee and seek
safety in other nations. These individuals may not have legal pathways to migrate, leading them
to do so illegally.
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 Social Factors:
Social factors such as discrimination, lack of human rights, and limited access to
education and healthcare can drive people to migrate illegally in search of better
living conditions and opportunities for themselves and their families.

 Environmental Factors:
Environmental issues like natural disasters, climate change, and environmental
degradation can also contribute to illegal migration. People may be forced to leave
their homes due to environmental disasters or the inability to sustain their
livelihoods.
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 Family Reunification:

Many individuals migrate illegally to reunite with family

members who have already settled in the destination country.
Legal channels for family reunification can be limited or have
long waiting periods, prompting illegal migration.
Challenges of migrant society
 Economic burden:
Illegal migration can have various impacts on the
economy. It can affect the labor market by creating competition for
jobs, potentially leading to lower wages for native workers in certain
sectors. Additionally, illegal migrants may not pay taxes but still use
public services, which can strain government resources and impact
public spending. Providing social services to illegal migrants can also
increase costs and affect the quality of services available. Overall,
illegal migration can have both positive and negative economic
effects, and it's essential for policymakers to consider these factors
when addressing immigration issues.
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 Security concerns:
Illegal migration actually impacts
various security concerns. It affects security because
illegal migrants can weaken security measures. In such
situations, various issues such as explosives,
espionage, the use of fake identification cards, and
illegal activities tend to increase. Additionally, security
forces face more challenges as their focus shifts to
different migration control and security measures.
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 Human violation:
Illegal migration can lead to human
rights violations in several ways. When individuals migrate
illegally, they often face exploitation, abuse, and inhumane
living conditions. They may be vulnerable to human
trafficking, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation.
Additionally, illegal migrants may not have access to basic
rights such as healthcare, education, or legal protection. This
lack of rights and protections can leave them at risk of
further violations and discrimination. It is essential to
address these issues to ensure the protection of human rights
for all individuals, regardless of their migration status.
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 Political and social instability:
Illegal migration can
destabilize political and social factors. The large
numbers of illegal migrants can create social and
economic pressures in a country. It can strain the
country's resources, job opportunities, and social
services. Additionally, a large influx of illegal migrants
can create political pressures, affecting current policies
and expectations. These changes can impact the
political and social landscape of the country, leading to
additional tensions and conflicts in society.
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 Humanitarian crises:
Can happen because of illegal
migration when a large number of people move to another
country without permission. This can overwhelm the
resources and services available in the new country, making it
difficult to provide help to everyone. It can lead to issues like
lack of shelter, food, and healthcare for both the migrants and
the local population. Additionally, illegal migrants might face
dangers like human trafficking, exploitation, or unsafe living
conditions, which can worsen the crisis. The strain on
resources and the risks faced by migrants can create a
humanitarian crisis that requires urgent attention and support
to ensure the well-being of all involved.
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 Integration challenges:
Can arise due to illegal migration
for several reasons. Language barriers can make it difficult
for migrants to communicate effectively and access
essential services. Cultural differences may lead to
misunderstandings or conflicts with the local population.
Additionally, legal status can limit migrants' opportunities
for employment, education, and social integration, creating
barriers to full participation in society. Overcoming these
challenges often requires efforts from both migrants and the
receiving community to promote understanding, support
integration programs, and foster inclusivity.
 Exploitation:
Exploitation can happen to illegal migrants
because they may be afraid to report abuse or unfair
treatment due to their undocumented status. This fear can
be used by employers or others to pay them low wages,
provide poor working conditions, or even subject them to
unsafe or illegal practices. Without legal protection, illegal
migrants are vulnerable to exploitation and may not have
the same rights or recourse to seek help as legal residents.
It's important to address these issues to ensure fair
treatment and protection for all individuals, regardless of
their immigration status.
Challenges of migrant family

When an individual illegally migrates, their family left behind cane face a variety of
challenges. These problems can effect their emotional well-being, financial stability etc.

Emotional challenge
• Separation Anxiety and Loneliness: Families often experience significant
emotional distress due to the separation. Children and spouses may feel lonely and
anxious about the migrants safety.
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Financial challenges
Loss of income: If the migrant was a primary earner, the family might face a sudden loss of income,
leading to financial leadership.

Debt: Financing the migration can lead to substantial debt. Families might borrow money at high interest
rates, adding financial pressure.

Legal challenges
Risk of legal Repercussions: Families may face legal risks, including fine or penalties, if authorities
discover their involvement in the migration process.

Limited legal protection: the illegal status of the migrant can limit their access to the legal protection
and services, affecting their ability to support their family.
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 Educational challenges
Interrupted Education: children may experience interrupts in their education due to the family’s
financial instability or the need to relocate.

Lack of education opportunities: Financial constraints might prevent children from accessing
quality education or continuing their studies.

 Practical challenge:
Increased responsibility: remaining family members particularly spouses or elder children, may
have to take on additional responsibilities, such as working extra jobs or managing household tasks.
Overcome

Address root causes

• Economic development: Invest in job creation and economic opportunities in
regions where illegal migration is prevalent. This can including promoting local
businesses, improving infrastructure, and providing vocational training.

• Social programs: Implement social programs to reduce poverty, improve

healthcare, and provide social security nets that reduce the need for migration.
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Strengthen legal migration Channels

• Work Visas and permits: Expand and streamline the process for legal work visas and
permits, making it easier for people to migrate legally.

• Improve border security and law enforcement: invest in technology and

manpower to improve border security and prevent illegal crossings.
Thank you