Unit # 2

Lesson Planning in Teaching

Dr. Madiha Khadim

 Lesson Plan
• A lesson plan is a teacher's detailed description of the course.
• Teaching goals, objectives, teaching methods and assessment forms
all come together in a lesson plan, which ideally facilitates student
learning.
• A good lesson plan contains the description and application of the
instructional methods being used in a particular class to meet the
needs of different learners.
• A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher to guide class
learning.
• Details will vary depending on the preference of the teacher, subject
being covered, and the needs of the students.
 The Need for lesson Plan
• A lesson plan is a road map of the instructions.
• It shows what will be taught and how it will be done effectively during
the class time.
• Teachers require a lesson plan to describe their course of instruction for
one class.
• The lesson plan is necessary to guide the instruction.
• A lesson plan is required to describe the preferences of the, subject
being covered, activities being held in the class, and to ensure the
progress of the students about the lesson being taught to them.
• A well-developed lesson plan reflects the interests and needs of students.
• The best and appropriate practices of teaching methodology and
techniques to achieve the objectives are included in the lesson plan.
 Lesson planning is beneficial for the teacher in many ways:

• It helps in achieving goals and objectives.

• It helps to get rid of problems or avoid them.
• It gives a reality check of everyday performance.
• It improves the habit and attitude of the students.
• It improves the teaching skills.
• It makes the teacher organized during teaching.
• Lesson planning determines when to include the interesting facts to
attract the students’ attention.
• It enables the teacher to impart the things the students can do at the
best of their abilities.
 Process of lesson planning
• First of all, a teacher need to identify the learning objectives for the
class, then design appropriate learning activities and develop strategies
to obtain feedback on student learning.
• A successful lesson plan addresses and integrates these three key
components:
1. Objectives for student learning
2. Teaching/learning activities
3. Strategies to check student understanding
 2.2 Approaches to lesson plan
• There are different styles of lesson planning.
• The common style of lesson planning contains the following basic
elements:
• 3-5 lesson objectives
• Content to be covered
• Activities (lecture, group work, problem-solving, etc.)
• Resources and materials needed (including technology)
• Timing
• Homework and assessment
 Lesson planning models
• The following classic lesson planning models are most popular
in lesson planning.
• These are:
1) Gagne’s frame work for instructional development
2) Hunter’s seven steps of lesson planning
3) The 5 E's lesson planning model
 Gagne’s frame work for instructional development
• Robert Gagne, identified nine instructional events that support learning.
The nine events of instruction are:
1. Gaining attention
2. Informing learners of the objective
3. Stimulating recall of prior learning
4. Presenting the content
5. Providing learning guidance
6. Providing opportunities to practice
7. Providing feedback
8. Assessing performance
9. Enhancing retention and transfer
 Madeline Hunter’s Seven Steps Lesson Plan

• Hunter developed a seven steps model of lesson planning. The seven

steps fall under four categories as follows:
1. Getting Students Ready to Learn(Review of prior learning, focus
attention, Stating the objective)
2. Instruction (Input and modeling)
3. Checking for Understanding (Guided practice, provide feedback
without grading)
4. Independent practice (usually for a graded assignment)
 5 E’s of Lesson Planning
• The 5 E's Lesson Planning Model is most often associated with
constructivist learning design. It involves following 5 E’s:
1. Engage - students come across the material, define their questions
2. Explore - students directly involved with material, go through the learning
process to solve the problems.
3. Explain – the student gets an opportunity to explain the learned concepts
such as discoveries, processes, and ideas by written/ verbal assignments
4. Elaborate – the teachers can enhance students’ knowledge with the help of
other examples and expand their knowledge by explaining similar concepts,
5. Evaluate – evaluation of learning is an on-going (continuous) process.
 Daily and Weekly Planning
• Daily and weekly planning are essential for the teachers.
• These create enough time for meeting multiple responsibilities.
• The teacher can plan days and weeks carefully to include time for teaching
exercises, such as
i. collecting and organizing material,
ii. writing questions,
iii. preparing class assignments,
iv. managing activities of different nature.
• This process allows creating a clear path for teacher that maintains a healthy
balance between teaching and preparation.
 Strategies for daily and weekly planning
• The following points demonstrate why planning is so critical to success.
1. Planning can greatly reduce your stress quotient. Proper planning gives
you the peace of mind of knowing that you have formulated a feasible
plan of action and that your goals are attainable.
2. Planning also helps you to be prepared for obstacles because part of the
planning process is creating a emergency pan for unexpected problems.
3. Planning serves as a way to evaluate your progress as you work.
Planning your daily and weekly activities will clearly illustrate whether
or not you are staying on schedule.
 Course and Unit Planning
• Once you have determined the needs of learners, it is time to consider
designing and planning the course.
Following are some suggested steps in this process.
• Decide a topic
• Determine objectives
• Identify learning outcomes
• Determine assessment
• Design learning experiences and organize material
• Develop evaluation mechanism
 Steps in Lesson Planning
• The plans of class room activities to be happened each day make the
teaching effective.
• The teachers go through many steps for planning a lesson. Six steps are
given below to guide the teachers to create their first lesson plans.
1. Outline learning objectives
• The first step is to determine as a teacher what you want students to learn
and be able to do at the end of class.
• What is the topic of the lesson?
• What do I want students to learn?
• What do I want them to understand and be able to do at the end of class?
• What do I want them to take away from this particular lesson?
2. Develop the introduction
After determining learning objectives and specifying them in order of
their importance, the teacher has to design the specific activities for the
students. They may already be familiar with the topic; therefore it is
necessary to gather background information from the students prior to
lesson.
You may start with a question or activity to assess students’ knowledge
of the topic.
For example you can ask a question or take a simple poll: “How many
of you have heard about this? Raise your hand if you have” or ask them
to write comments on paper. This additional information can help you to
shape the introduction and learning activities of the new concept.
3. Plan the specific learning activities (the main body of the lesson)
Prepare several and different examples (ways) to explain the
topic/concept (real-life examples, similarities, visuals, etc.) to catch the
attention of all students.
The following questions would help you design the learning activities
you will use in the class:
• What will I do to explain the topic?
• What will I do to illustrate the topic in a different way?
• How can I engage students in the topic?
• What are some relevant real-life examples, similarities, or situations
that can help students understand the topic?
4. Plan to check for understanding
• At this stage you need to check for student understanding.
Therefore you are required to plan for how will you know that
students are learning?
• Think about specific questions you can ask students in order to
check for understanding, and write them down.
• Try to predict the answers to your questions.
• Decide on whether you want students to respond orally or in
writing. Ask yourself the following questions:
• What questions will I ask students to check for understanding?
5. Develop a conclusion and a preview
Repeat the material covered in class by summarizing the main points of
the lesson.
You can do this in a number of ways: you can state the main points
yourself (“Today we talked about…”), you can ask a student to help you
summarize them, or you can even ask all students to write down on a
piece of paper what they think were the main points of the lesson.
6. Create a realistic timeline
A realistic timeline will reflect your flexibility and readiness to adapt to
the specific classroom environment.
• Estimate how much time each of the activities will take
• Plan a few minutes at the end of class to answer any remaining
questions and to sum up the key points
 The lesson plan format
• Title of the lesson
• Time required to complete the lesson
• List of required materials
• List of objectives
• The set (bridge-in) that focuses students on the lesson's concept or
skills. these include pictures or models, leading questions
• An instructional component- it describes the sequence of events
included in a lesson
• Independent practice
 Continue….
• A summary- the teacher wraps up the discussion and answers to the
students’ questions
• An evaluation component- a test for mastery of the instructed skills or
concepts— such as a set of questions to answer or a set of instructions
to follow
• Analysis component- the teacher reflects on the lesson—such as what
has been achieved/learned, or what needs improvement
• A continuity component – it reviews and relates to the content from
the previous lesson.
 Activity
• Prepare a lesson plan by following the lesson plan format.