g i n !
s b e
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Which item should not
be included in the set?
Which item should not
be included in the set?
Which item should not
be included in the set?
Using Parallel Structures
English 8: Quarter 3 – Module 6
Activity
Which word among the following has a
different form or structure?
Activity
dig, cook, dance, singing
dig, cook, dance, sing
The first three words are infinitive forms of verb while the last
word is a gerund. To make them parallel to each other, change
the gerund into a simple form of verb.
Activity
looked, ate, took, waits, ran
looked, ate, took, waited, ran
The word ‘waits’ is a verb in its present tense form, while the
rest is in past tense form. To make them parallel to each
other, change the tense of the word ‘waits’ into its past form.
Activity
beautiful, simple, intelligent, actively, lazy
beautiful, simple, intelligent, active, lazy
The word ‘actively’ is an adverb, while the rest of the words
are adjectives. To make them parallel to each other, change the
adverb ‘actively’ into an adjective.
Parallel Structures
• This refers to the same pattern/form of words to
show that two or more ideas have the same level of
importance.
• A verb should only be grouped with other verbs, a
noun with other nouns, and so on.
Rules in
Parallel Structures
• Rule #1 - Parallel structures should be connected by
conjunctions.
• Rule #2 - Parallel structures should be used in listing.
• Rule #3 - Parallel structures should be used in
comparing and contrasting elements.
Rule #1: The use of
Conjunctions
• Coordinating Conjunctions - Single words
that connect two equally important words,
phrases, or clauses to each other.
• Correlative Conjunctions - Same function
with coordinating conjunctions but work
as pairs.
Rule #1: The use of
Conjunctions
EXAMPLES:
• I am allergic to the dog’s hair and smell.
• His two favorite sports are football and tennis.
• Either you answer your modules or attend
online classes.
• She wanted neither to sing nor to dance.
• He is not only intelligent, but also very funny.
Rule #2: The use of
parallel structures in listing
Parallel Structure should be used when writing
words/elements in the form of a list or series.
Incorrect: The class valued respect, honesty,
and being on time in a teacher.
Correct: The class valued respect, honesty, and promptness in
a teacher.
Rule #2: The use of
parallel structures in listing
What is missing in the sentence?
We bought several school supplies including pen
fastener stapler and paper
ANSWER: There are no commas and period. It is important to
observe proper use of punctuations when writing a list or series
of words in a sentence.
Rule #3: Comparing and
Contrasting Elements
Parallel Structure should be observed when comparing
or contrasting elements (A is better than B, or X is less
than Y).
Incorrect: James enjoys reading more than to write.
Correct: James enjoys reading more than writing.
Benefits of
Parallel Structures
It provides balance and clarity. It also
highlights or emphasizes certain ideas.
To create parallel structure in writing,
writers must make each idea in the
sentence follow the same grammatical
pattern and form. This helps writers
clearly communicate ideas and makes
the writing sound formal and elegant.
Activity
Identify if the sentence is parallel or
not parallel.
Activity
These mangoes are ripe, juicy and sweet.
PARALLEL!
The underlined words are parallel because they are
all simple formsof adjectives.
Activity
A lot of tourists are expected to visit the beach and
the museum.
PARALLEL!
The underlined words are parallel because both of
them are singular formsof nouns.
Activity
Voters should not only be wise but also vigilant.
PARALLEL!
The underlined words are parallel because they
are all simple formsof adjectives.Correlative
conjunctions are also used correctly.
Activity
Organic vegetables are being sold in the market like
eggplant, potato, carrots and a lot of cabbage.
NOT PARALLEL! The correct structure is:
Organic vegetables are being sold in the market like
eggplants, potatoes, carrots and cabbages.
Activity
The beach is famous for its fine and white sand.
PARALLEL!
The underlined words are parallel because they
are all simple formsof adjectives.
Application
Write a sentence out of the following pairs of words or phrases.
Do this in a one-half crosswise paper.
1. cooked and cleaned
______________________________________________________
2. cleaning, cooking, and washing
______________________________________________________
3. studying but playing
______________________________________________________
4. to study, to work, and to marry
______________________________________________________
5. not only sings but also plays
______________________________________________________
Evaluation
Choose the letter that contains the phrases/
words that make the sentence correct
or parallel. Do this in a ¼ sheet of paper.
Evaluation
1. During the lockdown, people were either baking, dancing,
or ___________.
A. garden
B. planted
C. gardening
D. to plant
Evaluation
2. In my free time, I enjoy reading books more than
________________.
A. watch movies
B. watching movies
C. watched movies
D. will watch movies
Evaluation
3. The mangoes that my mother bought from the market
are fresh and __________.
A. sweet
B. sweetest
C. sweeter
D. getting sweet
Evaluation
4. Learning a new language is not only inspiring but also
_____________.
A. challenge
B. challenged
C. challenging
D. will challenge
Evaluation
5. There are a lot of activities you can do on the beach.
You can build a sandcastle, swim in the sea or
_________________.
A. chill in the cottage
B. chilled in the cottage
C. chilling in the cottage
D. will chill in the cottage
Evaluation
Write NE if the sentence has no error (parallel) and write E
if the sentence has an error (not parallel).
1. The house is not only warm but also cozy.
2. Do you like milk, tea, or coffee?
3. My grandfather raises a lot of animals like chickens, cows,
pigs, and several ducks.
4. During summer vacation we not only visited the farm but also
the pond.
5. Her garden is full of blooming flowers and colorful butterflies.
Assignment
Study the cohesive devices and rules of parallel
structures to prepare for an oral evaluation next
meeting.
Thank you!
