1
What is IoT?
The internet of things, or IoT, is a
system of interrelated computing
devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals or
people that are provided with
unique identifiers (UIDs) and the
ability to transfer data over a
network without requiring
human-to-human or human-to-
computer interaction.
2
What is IoT
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or
"things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange
data.
• IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across
existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct
integration between the physical world and computer-based systems,
and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.
• Universal inter-networking.
• CISCO'S IoT REVISION
• In 2008 the number of things connected to the Internet was greater than the
people living on Earth.
• Within 2020 the number of things connected to the Internet will be about 50
billion. IoT 3
• Connecting everything embedded with electronic,
software, and sensor to the internet enabling them to
collect and exchange data
• The term Internet of Things (IoT) according to the
2020 conceptual framework is expressed through a
simple formula such as:
IoT= Services+ Data+ Networks + Sensors
IoT 4
IoT
• “Things" in the IoT, can refer to devices that are embedded
with internet connectivity, sensors and other hardware that
allow communication and control via the web.
• These devices collect useful data with the help of various
existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data
between other devices
• Why do we need IoT:
• Expanding the interdependency of humans
• To interact , contribute, and collaborate to things
IoT 5
Features
• Connectivity : connect various things to the IoT platforms
• Sensors : IoT loses its distinction without sensors. They act as defining
instruments that transform IoT from a standard passive network of devices into an
active system capable of real-world integration.
• Active Engagement : IoT introduces a new paradigm for active content, product,
or service engagement.
• Small Devices : Devices, as predicted, have become smaller, cheaper, and more
powerful over time. IoT exploits purpose-built small devices to deliver its
precision, scalability, and versatility.
• Artificial Intelligence: IoT makes things “smart”, meaning it enhances every
aspect of life with the power of data collection, artificial intelligence algorithms,
and networks. E.g. refrigerator detect when milk run low, and to then place an
order from grocer.
• Analyze: Analyze the data collected and use it to build business intelligent
IoT 6
What are IoT protocols?
• protocols of IoT are
• Infrastructure (ex: 6LowPAN, IPv4/IPv6, RPL)
• Identification (ex: EPC, uCode, IPv6, URIs)
• Comms / Transport (ex: Wifi, Bluetooth, LPWAN)
• Discovery (ex: Physical Web, mDNS, DNS-SD)
• Data Protocols (ex: MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, Websocket, Node)
• Device Management (ex: TR-069, OMA-DM)
• Semantic (ex: JSON-LD, Web Thing Model)
IoT 7
How does it work?
• An IoT ecosystem consists of
• Web-enabled smart devices that collect, send and act on data they
acquire from their surrounding environments using embedded
sensors, processors and communication hardware.
• Data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally.
• These devices communicate with other related devices and act on the
information they get from one another.
• Gather data from objects through sensors, and control them through
actuators.
• The devices do most of the work without human intervention,
although people can interact with the devices
IoT 8
The Structure of IoT
• The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network consisting of networks of
devices and computers connected through a series of intermediate
technologies where numerous technologies like RFIDs, wireless
connections may act as enablers of this connectivity.
• Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability by RFIDs.
• Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data from the
environment
• Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has provoked the
ability of smaller things to interact and connect within the “things” or “smart
devices.”
• Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through sensors has
formed the network connection to the Internet. It can make the “things”
realizing the intelligent control.
IoT 9
Advantages of IoT
• Improved Customer Engagement (Communication): IoT system increases
and encourages machine to machine communication (also known as M2M).
• Enhanced Data Collection: Sense and collect data from connected devices,
and then share that data across the internet where it can be processed and
utilized for various purposes and decisions.
• Real-time information.
• Development of AI through IoT
• Analyze Data Better. The IoT will generate massive amounts of data
• Increase Profitability: Reduced Waste, and Save time
• Minimize human effort,
• Technology Optimization: efficient resource utilization
IoT 10
IoT – Disadvantages
• Some of the disadvantages of IoT
• hacker could steal confidential information
• If there’s a bug in the system, it’s likely that every connected
device will become corrupted
• Since there’s no international standard of compatibility for IoT, it’s
difficult for devices from different manufacturers to communicate
with each other
• Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers
maybe even millions of IoT devices and collecting and managing
the data from all those devices will be challenging
IoT 11
History of IoT
• Communication
• Telegraph (the first landline) was developed in the 1830s and 1840s.
• “wireless telegraphy,” the first radio voice transmission took place on June 3, 1900,
• The development of computers began in the 1950s
• Internet
• Started out as part of DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) in 1962
and evolved into ARPANET in 1969
• In the 1980s, commercial service providers began supporting public use of ARPANET
• Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) became a reality in early 1993, with the
Department of Defense providing a stable, highly functional system of 24
satellites.
IoT 12
History of IoT
• The Internet of Things, as a concept, wasn’t officially named
until 1999 Kevin Ashton the Executive Director of Auto-ID
Labs at MIT,
• Kevin Ashton stated that Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) was a prerequisite for the Internet of Things
• He concluded if all devices were “tagged,” computers could
manage, track, and inventory them.
IoT 13
History of IoT
• To some extent, the tagging of things has been achieved through
technologies such as digital watermarking, barcodes, and QR codes.
Inventory control is one of the more obvious advantages of the Internet of
Things.
• Coca Cola
• Local programmers would connect by the Internet to the refrigerated appliance, and
check to see if there was a drink available and if it was cold, before making the trip
• 2013
• IoT evolved into a system using multiple technologies
• Internet to wireless communication and from micro-electromechanical systems
(MEMS) to embedded systems
• wireless sensor networks, GPS, control systems, and others
IoT 14
Challenges/issues of IoT
• Major issues IoT face are in the following area:
• Security , Privacy, Complexity ,Flexibility,
Compliance, Autonomy and Control, Social control,
Political manipulation, Design, Environmental
impact, Influences human moral decision making
IoT 15
Architecture of IoT Sensing layer: sensor senses or
gather data about the
environment, and can be
classified into three broad
categories as described below:
• Motion Sensors
• Environmental Sensors
• Position sensors
Network Layer: for data
transmissions b/n layers : Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-Wave, LoRa,
cellular network, etc.) to allow data
flow between other devices within
IoT
the same network. 16
Architecture of IoT
• Data Processing Layer: process information or decision unit
• Stores, analyzes, and processes collected data form the sensing
layer to make decisions based on the result
• E.g. smartwatch, smart home hub, etc.), the data processing layer also saves the result of
the previous analysis to improve the user experience.
• Application Layer -
• The application layer is a user-centric layer that executes various
tasks for the users.
• Responsible for delivering application specific services to the user
• E.g smart transportation, smart home, personal care, healthcare etc
IoT 17
IoT 18
IoT Taxonomy
IoT 19
Devices and Networks
• IoT devices can be categorized into three main groups:
• Consumer,
• Smart TVs, smart speakers, toys, wearables, smart air conditioning, smart
thermostats, smart lighting, and smart security,
• Enterprise: enables physical 'things' with embedded computing
devices (tiny computers) to participate in business processes for
reducing manual work and increasing overall business efficiency.
• connected security systems, thermostats, cars, electronic appliances, lights
in household and commercial environments, alarm clocks, speaker
systems, vending machines and more.
IoT 20
Devices and Networks
• Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a way to digital transformation
in manufacturing. Industrial IoT employs a network of sensors to
collect critical production data and uses cloud software to turn this
data into valuable insights about the efficiency of the manufacturing
operations
• smart cities, smart industrial plants, Digitized Monitoring and
Optimization of Trains, robotics, Intelligent logistics
• Indeed, it is necessary to take into account several elements such as
scalability, interoperability, energy efficiency, topology control,
Quality of Service (QoS), fault tolerance, and security
IoT 21
IoT Tools and Platforms
• There are many vendors in the industrial IoT platform
marketplace, offering remarkably similar capabilities and
methods of deployment.
• These IoT Platform Solutions are based on the Internet of
Things and cloud technology.
• They can be used in areas of smart home, city, enterprise,
home automation, healthcare or automotive, just to name a
few.
IoT 22
IoT platform
• Given below are the top 10 IoT platforms for 2018 that you
can use for building an app
• Microsoft Azure IoT.
• Amazon Web Services or AWS.
• Google Cloud Platform.
• ThingWorx.
• Cisco IoT Cloud Connect.
• HP's Universal of Things.
• SAP Cloud Platform.
• Oracle Internet of Things.
IoT 23
IoT Platform
• KAA: Kaa is an enterprise-grade IoT platform that enables a broad
range of cloud capabilities for your connected devices.
• Key features
• Manage an unlimited number of connected devices
• Set up cross-device interoperability
• Perform real-time device monitoring
• Perform remote device provisioning and configuration
• Collect and analyze sensor data
• Analyze user behavior and deliver targeted notifications
• Create cloud services for smart products
IoT 24
IoT Platform
• SiteWhere
• SiteWhere is an industrial strength open-source
application enablement platform for the Internet of Things
(IoT).
• It provides a multi-tenant microservice-based
infrastructure that includes device/asset management, data
ingestion, big-data storage, and integration through a
modern, scalable architecture.
IoT 25
IoT Platform
• Key features
• Run any number of IoT applications on a single SiteWhere instance
• Spring delivers the core configuration framework
• Add devices through self-registration
• Integrates with third-party integration frameworks such as Mule
any point
• Default database storage is MongoDB
• Eclipse Californium for CoAP messaging
• InfluxDB for event data storage
• Grafana to visualize SiteWhere data
IoT 26
IoT Platform
• ThingSpeak
• ThingSpeak is an Internet of Things (IoT)
platform that lets you collect and store sensor
data in the cloud and develop IoT applications.
The ThingSpeak™ IoT platform provides apps
that let you analyze and visualize your data in
MATLAB®, and then act on the data.
• Key features
• Collect data in private channels
• Share data with public channels
• MATLAB analytics and visualizations
• Alerts
• Event scheduling
• App integrations
• Worldwide community
IoT 27
IoT Platform
• DeviceHive
• DeviceHive is an open source platform which provides instruments for your smart devices
communication and management.
• Key features
• Directly integrate with Alexa
• Visualization dashboard of your choice
• It supports Big data solutions such as ElasticSearch, Apache Spark, Cassandra and Kafka
for real-time and batch processing.
• Connect any device
• It comes with Apache Spark and Spark Streaming support.
• Supports libraries written in various programming languages, including Android and iOS
libraries
• It allows running batch analytics and machine learning on top of your device data
IoT 28
IoT Platform
• Zetta
• Zetta is an open source platform built on Node.js for creating Internet
of Things servers that run across geo-distributed computers and the
cloud
• Key features
• Supports a wide range of hacker boards
• Zetta allows you to assemble smartphone apps, device apps, and
cloud apps
IoT 29
IoT Platform
• ThingsBoard
• ThingsBoard is an open-source IoT platform for device management,
data collection, processing and visualization for your IoT projects.
• Key features
• Real-time data visualization and remote device control
• Customizable rules, plugins, widgets and transport implementations
• Allows monitoring client-side and provision server-side device attributes.
• Support multi-tenant installations out-of-the-box.
• Supports transport encryption for both MQTT and HTTP(s) protocols.
IoT 30
Web of Things
• To achieve IoT we need a universal protocol to combine several
heterogeneous devices.
• This protocol should be: simple, lightweight, loosely-coupled,
scalable, flexible and standard.
• Several technologies and protocols already available and widely
accepted by the community:
• HTTP, TCP, IPV6, XML, JSON, RSS, ATOM, REST, WS-*, URI, etc.
• URI to make the objects easily identifiable and addressable XML,
WS-* and REST to allow the objects to expose their features and to
communicate with external or centralized services
IoT 31
IoT Applications
• Consumer Use
• Agriculture
• Traffic monitoring
• Health care
• Insurance
• Security
• Transport and Logistics
• Utilities
• Retail
• Manufacturing
IoT 32
IoT Based Smart Home
• Smart Home initiative allows subscribers
to remotely manage and monitor different
home devices from anywhere via
smartphones or over the web with no
physical distance limitations
• Safety Monitoring
• Remote Control Appliances
• Weather:
• Smart Home Appliances
• Intrusion Detection Systems
• Energy and Water Use
IoT 33
IoT Based Smart City
• Smart cities use Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as
connected sensors, lights, and meters to collect and analyze
data. The cities then use this data to improve infrastructure,
public utilities and services, and more.
• Structural Health, Lightning
• Safety, Transportation, Smart Parking
• Waste Management, Compost:
• Animal Farming/Tracking, Green Houses
• Offspring Care, Field Monitoring
IoT 34
IoT 35
Other Example of
Internet of Things
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Health Medical Report
Medical Checkup
Sector
Operational Efficiency Health Devices
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Remote Home Control Automatic Parking
Smart
Home
Security System Advanced Kitchen
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WiFi Connectivity Smart Traffic Control
City
Security System Advanced Parking System
39
Manufacturing Industrial Bill Payment
Automation
Planning Advanced Power Supply
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THANKS
End of chapter 4
Does anyone have any questions?
