BASIC
PHOTOGRAPHY
TUTORIAL
CLASS
FOR ECCA COUNSELLORS
Environmental Camps for conservation Awareness
PART - II
Tutor- NIYAM RAJ SHRESTHA
17 JUNE 2013
05/19/2024 © Niyam Raj Shrestha 1
Photography
“What is Photography?"
• Greek words photos ("light") and
graphein ("to draw")
• The word was first used by the scientist
Sir John F.W. Herschel in 1839.
• It is a method of recording images by the
action of light, or related radiation, on a
sensitive material.
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Camera
“What is Camera?"
• Optical instrument - records images -directly,
transmitted to another location, or both.
• These images - still photographs or moving
images.
• The term - came - camera obscura (Latin for
"dark chamber"), an early mechanism for
projecting images.
• The modern camera evolved from the camera
OBSCURA.
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Camera Evolution
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Pinhole Camera • Alhazen (Ibn Al-
Haytham)around
1000AD,
• Invented the first
pinhole camera,
(also called the
Camera Obscura}
• Able to explain
why the images
were upside
down
The first casual reference to the optic laws that made pinhole
cameras possible, was observed and noted by Aristotle around
330 BC, who questioned why the sun could make a circular image
when it shined through a square
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hole
© Niyam Raj Shrestha 5
Pinhole Camera
• The first casual reference to
the optic laws that made
pinhole cameras possible,
• This was observed and
noted by Aristotle around
330 BC, who questioned
why the sun could make a
circular image when it
shined through a square
hole
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EVOLUTION
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Evolution contd..
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Evolution contd..
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Evolution contd..
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Evolution contd..
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CA
ME
RA
Pa
rts
..
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CAMERA PARTS Camera Function..
Shutter Speed
the amount
of time that
the shutter
is open
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CAMERA PARTS Camera Function..
Sh
u
tt
e
r
S
p
e
e
d
E
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What are the parts and function in digital
camera?
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What are the parts and function in digital
camera?
• The lens
• The CCD or CMOS sensor
The light that enters the lens and translates it into a digital signal.
The size of the CCD or CMOS varies, from 25mm2 up to 1977mm2 and can
contain anywhere from less than 1 million pixels (1MP) to 24 million pixels
(24MP) and up. Each pixel is a 'dot' in the image, the more megapixels the
more dots that comprise the image. This is not a measure of quality, it is
only a measure of size.
• The PCB
There can be one or more Printed Circuit Boards inside the camera. These
process the information and are the 'brains' of the camera. Think of it like
the motherboard inside your computer, just much smaller.
• The memory
• The LCD screen
• The flash
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What are the parts in digital camera?
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What are the parts in digital camera?
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Camera Function..
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Camera Function..
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Lenses Camera Function..
• Optical lens or assembly of
lenses used in conjunction
with a camera body and
mechanism to make
images of objects
• It can be either on
photographic film or on
other media capable of
storing an image
chemically or
electronically.
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Types of Lenses Camera Function..
• Wide Angle Lenses
• Standard Lenses
• Medium Telephoto /Portrait Lens
• Telephoto
• Compare Prices
• Specialist Lenses
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Types of Lenses Camera Function..
• Wide Angle Lenses-under 20mm. Wide-angle is 21-35mm.
• Standard Lenses-focal length range of 35-70mm, fixed
50mm lens.
• Medium Telephoto / Portrait Lens-The focal range between
80-135mm
• Telephoto-focal length of between 135mm and 300mm
used for sports and wildlife photography
• Specialist Lenses-
– Super Telephoto:focal length of more than 300mm
– Macro: focus closer to an object than normal lenses,1:1 ratio
– Fisheye: super wide-angle lenses
• ZOOM LENSES
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Lenses Function Camera Function..
APERTURE
an aperture
is a hole or
an opening
through
which light
travels
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Lenses Function Camera Function..
A
P
E
R
T
U
R
E
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Lenses Function Camera Function..
APERTURE
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Lenses Function Camera Function..
APERTURE EFFECT
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End of part – 2
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