PHILIPINE
POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE
SIR. MARLON M. MANO
CHARACTERISTICS OF POLITICS
(SHIEVELY, 2013)
POLITICS ALWAYS INVOLVES THE MAKING OF
COLLECTIVE DECISION FOR GROUP OF PEOPLE;
THOSE DECISION ARE MADE BY SOME MEMBER S OF THE
GROUP EXERCISING POWER OVER OTHER MEMBER OF
THE GROUP
2
THE SCIENCE OF POLITICS
It is the basic knowledge and understanding of the state and the
principles and ideals which underlie its organization and activities.
It is primarily concerned with the association of human beings into
'body politic' or in a political community.
It deals with those relations among men and groups which are subject
to control by the state with the relations of men and groups to the
state itself and the relations of the state to another state.
3
STAGES IN
STUDY OF
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
4
STAGES IN STUDY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
THE GOVERNMENT, ITS
LEADERS AND LAWS WAS
RELIGIOUS STAGE CONSIDERED AS DIVINE OR DI
VINELY INSPIRED.
THE STATE WAS CONSIDERED AS A
METAPHYSICAL HUMAN INSTITUTION, AND IT IS,
STAGE THEREFORE, ABSOLUTE (CANNOT BE
CHANGED).
THE STATE WAS DEEMED CAPABLE OF BEING
MODERN IMPROVED BY RULERS AND SUBJECTS
STAGE ACCORDING TO CERTAIN PRINCIPLES AND
LAWS.L
5
APPROACHES TO DEFINING
POLITICS
APPROACHES TO DEFINING POLITICS
In Heywood citing Hay (2002) and Leftwich (2004) identified two broad approaches:
POLITICS AS AN ARENA OR LOCATION - In here, politics is associated
with an arena or area, in which case behavior becomes 'political because of
where it takes place. This includes the art of government and public affairs.
Politics as a Process or mechanism - In which case 'political' behavior is
behavior that exhibits distinctive characteristics or qualities, and so can take
place in any, and perhaps all, social contexts. It includes compromise and
consensus, and power and the distribution of resources
7
Insert Image
THE MEANING OF GOVERNANCE
PHILLIPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
The concept of "governance" is as old as human civilization.
Governance was defined as T "the process of decision-making and the
process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)
Governance can be viewed in the following context: corporate
governance, international governance, national governance and local
governance (UNESCO for Asia and the Pacific). Good governance
assures that corruption is minimized, the views of minorities are taken
into account and that the voices of the most vulnerable in society are
heard in decision-making. It is also responsive to the present and
future needs of society.
8
Insert Image
THE MEANING OF GOVERNANCE
PHILLIPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
Good governance entails sound public sector management (efficiency,
effectiveness, and economy), accountability, exchange and the free flow of
information (transparency), and a legal framework for development (justice,
respect for human rights and liberties) (Wyatt, 2005).
Good Governance is defined focusing on
1. legitimacy (government should have the consent of the governed),
2. accountability (ensuring transparency, being answerable for ac- tions and media
freedom)
3. competence (effective policy making, implementation and ser- vice delivery),
4. and respect for law and human rights (Wyatt, 2005).
9
Insert Image
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE (UNESCO FOR ASIA AND THE
PACIFIC)
PHILLIPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
1. PARTICIPATION
2. RULE OF LAW
3. TRANSPARENCY
4. RESPONSIVENESS
5. CONSENSUS ORIENTED
6. EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY
7. ACCOUNTABILITY
10
Insert Image
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE (UNESCO FOR ASIA AND THE
PACIFIC)
PHILLIPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
1. PARTICIPATION
Participation as one the aspects of good governance, by both men and
women, must par- take directly or indirectly (having a representative) in
every governmental process. This is because participation is an essential
cornerstone of good governance.
2. RULE OF LAW
The rule of law means to say that good governance manifested through the
impartiality of fair legal framework such as the promotion of a full
11
protection of human rights and dignity especially those members of
minorities.
Insert Image
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE (UNESCO FOR ASIA AND THE
PACIFIC)
PHILLIPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
3. TRANSPARENCY
Means that decisions were taken, and their enforcement are done in a
man- ner that follows rules and regulations. It also means that information
is freely available and directly accessible to those who will be affected by
such decisions and their enforcement. It also means that enough
information is provided and that it is provided in easily under standable
forms and media.
4. RESPONSIVENESS
Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all
stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe.
12
Insert Image
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE (UNESCO FOR ASIA AND THE
PACIFIC)
PHILLIPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
5. CONSENSUS ORIENTED
Good governance requires mediation of the different interests in society to
reach a broad consensus in society on what is in the best interest of the
whole community and how this can be achieved. It also requires a broad
and long-term perspective on what is needed for sustainable human
development and how to achieve the goals of such development.
13
Insert Image
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE (UNESCO FOR ASIA AND THE
PACIFIC)
PHILLIPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
6. EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY.
Good governance means that processes and institutions produce results that
meet the needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal.
The concept of efficiency in the context of good governance also covers the
sustainable use of natural re- sources and the protection of the environment.
7. Accountability
Accountability is a crucial requirement for good governance. Not only
governmental in- stitutions but also the private sector and civil society
organizations must be accountable to the public and their institutional
stakeholders.
14
“END”
