Statistics

and
Probability
Second Semester
Prepared by:
Liza P. Sewala, MT-I, EMNHS
 Chapter 4
Lesson 1
Computing the Point
Estimate of a Population
Mean
Objectives
Understand the concept of estimation

Distinguish between point estimate and

interval estimate
Find the point estimates of population
means and proportions
Simple Recall
1. What do you call a set of all people, objects,
events, or ideas you want to investigate?

A. sample C. Data

B. population D. Statistics
Simple Recall
2. A sample refers to a _____________ of a
population.

A. subset C. description

B. list D. Another name

Simple Recall

3. What is the mean of 13, 27, 29, 17, and 14?

A. 29 C. 20

B. 28 D. 13
Simple Recall
4. What do you call a number that describes a
population characteristic?

A. sample statistic C. variable

B. parameter D. decimal
Simple Recall
5. Which of the following symbols denotes
population mean?

A. C.

B. D. s
Simple Recall
6. Which of the following symbols denotes
population standard deviation?

A. C.

B. D. s
Simple Recall
7. In statistics, error refers to:

A.
B.
C.

D.
In-Class Activity 1: Wake-Up Time
Prepare a tally board with the following headings and entries.

TIME Tally Frequency 1. Fill out the table using tally marks.
5:00
5:30
2. After the last student has entered the tally
6:00 mark, count the tally marks for every row
6:30 and put this number under the heading
7:00 Frequency.
7:30
Total 3. Insert other times if necessary.
Average
4. Write an equation to determine the average.
In-Class Activity 1: Wake-Up Time
Prepare a tally board with the following headings and entries.

TIME Tally Frequency

5:00
5:30
5. Discuss the number of operations involved.
6:00
6:30
7:00 6. What is the average wake-up time of your
7:30 class?
Total
Average
Discussion

The arithmetic average computed from the table is also known as

the mean. The class constitutes a sample.

Suppose we proceed to compute the mean of the means for all 10

classes. The final result is the point estimate of the mean of the
population where the samples come from. In symbols, we write:
Discussion

An estimate is a value or a range of values

that approximate parameter. It is based on
sample statistics computed from sample data.
Estimation is the process of determining
parameter values.
In-Class Activity 2: Restaurant Service Quality
Susan, a TLE researcher, looked at the average time (in minutes) it takes a
random sample of customers to be served in a restaurant. From 40
customers, the following information was obtained. What is the average wait
time?
8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10
12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15
10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12
15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8

1. What is the mean of the sample?

2. This value is called _____________ of the population mean .
3. Based on the observation mean of the population, would you
patronize the restaurant?
Discussion
Finite Population – countable
Infinite Population – hypothetical collection of elements
such as all the results of a coin tossing experiment to
determine the probability of getting heads or tails.

A point estimate is a specific numerical value of a

population parameter. The sample mean is the best point
estimate of the population mean.
An interval estimate is a range of values that may
contain the parameter of a population.
Discussion
Properties of a good estimator:
1. When the mean of a sample statistic from a large
number of different random samples equals the true
population parameter.

2. Across the many repeated samples, the estimates are

not very far from the true paramater value.
In-Class Activity 3: Coco Juice
Mr. Santiago’s company sells bottled coconut juice. He claims that a bottle
contains 500ml of such juice. A consumer group wanted to know if his claim
is true. They took six random samples of 10 such bottles and obtained the
capacity, in ml, of each bottle. The result is shown as follows:

Sample 1 500 498 497 503 499 497 497 497 497 495
Sample 2 500 500 495 494 498 500 500 500 500 497
Sample 3 497 497 502 496 497 497 497 497 497 495
Sample 4 501 495 500 497 497 500 500 495 497 497
Sample 5 502 497 497 499 496 497 497 499 500 500
Sample 6 496 497 496 495 497 497 500 500 496 497
In-Class Activity 3: Coco Juice
Sample 1 500 498 497 503 499 497 497 497 497 495
Sample 2 500 500 495 494 498 500 500 500 500 497
Sample 3 497 497 502 496 497 497 497 497 497 495
Sample 4 501 495 500 497 497 500 500 495 497 497
Sample
Sample 5Row 502 497 Sum of
497 499Scores
496 497 497 Mean
499 500 500
Sample 6 496 497 1496 495 497 497 500 500 496 497
________ ______
2
________ ______
3
________ ______
4
________ ______
5
________ ______
In-Class Activity 3: Coco Juice
Sample 1 500 498 497 503 499 497 497 497 497 495
Sample 2 500 500 495 494 498 500 500 500 500 497
Sample 3 497 497 502 496 497 497 497 497 497 495
Sample 4 501 495 500 497 497 500 500 495 497 497
Sample
Sample 5Row 502 497 Sum of
497 499Scores
496 497 497 Mean
499 500 500
Sample 6 496 497 1496 495 497 497 500 500 496 497
________ ______
2
________ ______
3 Compute
________ ______ the over-
4 all mean
________ ______
5
________ ______
In-Class Activity 3: Coco Juice
Sample 1 500 498 497 503 499 497 497 497 497 495
Sample 2 500 500 495 494 498 500 500 500 500 497
Sample 3 497 497 502 496 497 497 497 497 497 495
Sample 4 501 495 500 497 497 500 500 495 497 497
Sample 5 502 497 497 499 496 497 497 499 500 500
Sample 6 496 497 496 495 497 497 500 500 496 497

Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mean

What is the over-all mean?

In-Class Activity 3: Coco Juice

498.00 0.17 0.03

498.40 0.57 0.32
497.20 -0.63 0.40
497.90 0.07 0.00
498.40 0.57 0.32
497.10 -0.73 0.53
Total 1.60
= 0.32
In-Class Activity 3: Coco Juice

What happened with the over-all mean of the

sample means when computed by row or by
column?

If more random samples are obtained from a population,

and the means of these random samples are computed, then
the mean of the means of the samples is the point estimate
of the population mean.
In-Class Activity 4: Variance and Standard Deviation

Based on the results in Activity 3, solve for the

variance and standard deviation, either by row
or by column.

Variance: Standard Deviation:

In-Class Activity 5: Truck Ban

Mr. Domingo conducted a survey among ten random

samples of people who are in favor of truck ban in a section of
metropolitan area. He determined the percentages of those who
are in favor of the ban. Assuming that the only error present in the
sampling error, he wanted to determine the point estimate of the
population mean percentage and the standard deviation based on
500 observations. The following numbers present the percentages
of the surveys.

47.0 56.4 50.1 60.2 48.0 55.3 60.0 59.5 63.0 57.5
In-Class Activity 5: Truck Ban
Solution:

where X is the percentage The estimate of

the population
mean percentage
55.7 is _________.
55.7
In-Class Activity 5: Truck Ban
Solution:
In-Class Activity 5: Truck Ban
Solution:

s = 4.98
REFLECT
EXERCISES
Find the (a) point estimate of the population parameter , and the (b)
standard deviation for each of the following sets of data.

1. Scores in a long test in Science

78 75 86 82 70 85 83 86
80 92 82 85 80 88 84 86
90 88 90 78 83 90 86 84
75 85 77 88 85 90 85 83
83 86 83 84 86 92 85 80
76 88 79 84 80 88 80 88
EXERCISES
SUM MEAN
78 75 86 82 70 85 83 86 645 80.63
80 92 82 85 80 88 84 86 677 84.63
90 88 90 78 83 90 86 84 689 86.13
75 85 77 88 85 90 85 83 668 83.50
83 86 83 84 86 92 85 80 679 84.88
76 88 79 84 80 88 80 88 663 82.88
SUM 482 514 497 501 484 533 503 507 83.77
MEAN 80.33 85.67 82.83 83.50 80.67 88.83 83.83 84.50 83.77
80.63 -3.14 9.86
84.63 0.86 0.74
86.13 2.36 5.57
83.5 -0.27 0.07
84.88 1.11 1.23
82.88 -0.89 0.79
18.27
3.65
EXERCISES
Find the (a) point estimate of the population parameter , and the (b)
standard deviation for each of the following sets of data.

2. Lengths of seedlings in a plant box in cm.

8 8.6 12 10 8 10.5 8 10.6
8.6 10.5 7.4 6.4 12.2 6.5 12 6.8
7.5 8 11 8.5 9.5 12 11.5 12.5
10.4 7 6.8 7 7 10.5 7 7
7 8.3 7 13.5 12.5 7 7 12.5
10 6.8 10.2 6 6.5 10.3 6.8 6.8
EXERCISES
Find the (a) point estimate of the population parameter , and the (b)
standard deviation for each of the following sets of data.

3. Weights of packed ground coffee in g

350 346 350 346 350 348 351 351
340 347 344 340 340 340 345 347
355 348 351 355 347 352 356 352
347 348 347 347 347 347 346 347
348 351 347 348 348 348 348 349
348 349 348 348 349 348 347 349
349 349 349 349 349 348 346 349
EXERCISES
Find the (a) point estimate of the population parameter , and the (b)
standard deviation for each of the following sets of data.
4. In a practice, this is the time in seconds, run by Lydia for a 100-m
race.
15 12 16 12 15 15 15 16
14 13 14 14 16 14 14 16
12 12 12 13 12 15 12 13
12 15 15 13 12 12 12 12
15 11 15 15 15 15 15 15
18 16 17 16 15 16 16 18
18 17 18 16 15 14 18 16
TEST YOURSELF
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct information to make meaningful statements.

4. A good estimator has no _____________.

5. To obtain a mean from a sample, the sum of the sample values is divided by
______________.

6. The standard deviation is a measure of ______________.

TEST YOURSELF
Find the (a) point estimate of the population parameter , and the (b)
standard deviation for each of the following sets of data.

1. Percentage of children who watch TV before bedtime.

70 67 58 60 69 62 70 62
69 59 77 59 52 79 59 59
80 42 60 59 68 40 68 68
56 66 60 40 57 57 70 71
72 54 52 67 62 59 71 72
81 49 45 78 78 69 68 69
TEST YOURSELF
Find the (a) point estimate of the population parameter , and the (b)
standard deviation for each of the following sets of data.
2. Percentage of parents in favor of including cultural values in the
mathematics curriculum
90 70 80 76 81 82 76 84
89 59 76 78 75 89 79 89
92 42 58 84 75 90 80 78
82 68 82 82 68 78 79 80
72 54 83 80 78 79 80 84
81 69 78 78 80 82 81 90