Session

I/O Streams

Core Java / Session 31 / 1 of 10

Objectives
 Define streams
 Describe the InputStream and OutputStream
classes
 Describe the I/O Byte array

Core Java / Session 31 / 2 of 10

Objectives
 Describe the File I/O Classes
 Filtered Input and Output Classes
 Buffered I/O Classes
 Reader and Writer Classes
 Character Array and String Input and Output
Classes
 PrinterWriter Class

Core Java / Session 31 / 3 of 10

Objectives
 Describe DataInput Interface
 Describe DataOutput Interface
 Describe RandomAccessFile Class
 Explain java.awt.print Package

Core Java / Session 31 / 4 of 10

 http://www.studytonight.com/java/java-io-
stream.php

 http://www.javatpoint.com/java-io

Core Java / Session 31 / 5 of 10

Streams
 Streams are pipelines for sending and
receiving information in Java programs
 When a stream is read or written, the other
threads are blocked
 If an error occurs while reading or writing a
stream, an IOException is thrown
 Class ‘java.lang.System’ defines the standard
input and output streams

Core Java / Session 31 / 6 of 10

I/O Stream classes
 System.out class
 System.in class
 System.err class

Core Java / Session 31 / 7 of 10

InputStream Class
 Is an abstract class
 Defines how data is received
 Provides a number of methods for reading, and
taking streams of data as input
 Methods:
 read( )
 available( )
 close ( )
 mark ( )
 markSupported( )
 reset( )
 skip( )
Core Java / Session 31 / 8 of 10
OutputStream Class
 Is abstract
 Defines how outputs are written to streams
 Provides a set of methods that help in creating,
writing and processing output streams
 Methods
 write(int)
 write(byte[ ])
 write(byte[ ], int, int)
 flush( )
 close( )

Core Java / Session 31 / 9 of 10

Byte Array Input
 Use memory buffers
 ByteArrayInputStream Class
 Creates an input stream from the memory buffer
which is an array of bytes
 Does not support any new methods
 Overrides methods of the class InputStream,
such as ‘read()’, ‘skip()’, ‘available()’ and ‘reset()’

Core Java / Session 31 / 10 of 10

Byte Array Output
 Use memory buffers
 ByteArrayOutputStream Class
 Creates an output stream on a byte array
 Provides additional capabilities for the output
array to grow, to accommodate the new data
that is written
 Also provides methods to convert the stream to a
byte array, or a String object

Core Java / Session 31 / 11 of 10

Byte Array Output (Contd…)
 Methods of ByteArrayOutputStream Class:
 reset( )
 size( )
 writeTo( )

Core Java / Session 31 / 12 of 10

File I/O classes
 Classes that help Java to support file input
and output operations:
 File
 FileDescriptor
 FileInputStream
 FileOutputStream
 File, FileDescriptor, and RandomAccessFile
classes are used to support direct or random
access input and output

Core Java / Session 31 / 13 of 10

File Class
 Is used to access file and directory objects
 The files are named according to the file-
naming conventions of the host operating
system
 This class provides constructors for creating
files and directories
 All common file and directory operations are
performed using the access methods and
directory methods that the File class
provides
Core Java / Session 31 / 14 of 10
The FileDescriptor Class
 Provides access to the file descriptors
 Does not provide any visibility to specific
information that the operating system
maintains
 Provides only one method, called ‘valid( )’

Core Java / Session 31 / 15 of 10

The FileInputStream Class
 Allows the input to be read from a file in the
form of a stream
 Objects are created using a filename String,
File, or a FileDescriptor object, as an
argument
 Overrides the methods of the InputStream
class; it also provides the ‘finalize( )’ and
‘getFD( )’ methods

Core Java / Session 31 / 16 of 10

The FileOutputStream Class
 Allows output to be written to a file stream
 Objects are also created using a filename
String, File, or a FileDescriptor object, as an
argument
 This class overrides the methods of the
OutputStream class, and provides the
‘finalize( )’ and ‘getFD( )’ methods

Core Java / Session 31 / 17 of 10

Filtered Input and Output
 A filter(s):
 Is a type of stream that modifies the way an

existing stream is handled

 Are basically used to adapt streams to specific

program needs
 Sits between an input and an output stream

 Performs some special processing on the bytes

transferred from input to output

 Can be combined to perform a sequence of

filtering options

Core Java / Session 31 / 18 of 10

Filtered Input and Output (Contd…)
 The filtered input and output streams classes
that Java provides help filter the I/O in a
number of ways

Core Java / Session 31 / 19 of 10

FilterInputStream Class
 Is an abstract class
 Is the parent of all filtered input stream classes
 Provides the capability to create one stream from
another
 One stream can be read and provided as the output
to another stream
 Maintains a separate object of the class
‘InputStream’
 Allows the creation of multiple chained filters

Core Java / Session 31 / 20 of 10

FilterOutputStream Class
 Is the supplement to the class
‘FilterInputStream’
 Is the parent of all filtered output stream
classes
 Maintains the object of the class
‘OutputStream’ as an ‘out’ variable
 Data written to this class can be modified to
perform filtering operations, and then
forwarded to the ‘OutputStream’ object

Core Java / Session 31 / 21 of 10

Buffered I/O
 A buffer:
 Is a storage place for data

 Can provide data instead of going back to the

original source of the data

 Java uses buffered input and output to temporarily
cache data that is read from, or written to, a stream

 While performing buffered input:

 A large number of bytes are read at a time, and

stored in an input buffer

 When the program reads the input stream, the

input bytes are read from the input buffer

Core Java / Session 31 / 22 of 10
Buffered I/O (Contd…)
 In case of output buffer, a program writes
data to a stream
 Output data is stored in an output buffer
 Data is stored until the buffer becomes full,
or the output stream is flushed
 Finally, the buffered output is forwarded to
the destination of the output stream

Core Java / Session 31 / 23 of 10

BufferedInputStream Class
 Automatically creates and maintains a buffer
to support input buffering
 As the class ‘BufferedInputStream’ is a filter,
it can be applied to certain objects of the
class ‘InputStream’
 Can also be combined with other input files
 Uses several variables to implement input
buffering

Core Java / Session 31 / 24 of 10

BufferedInputStream Class
(Contd…)
 Defines two constructors:
 One allows the size of an input buffer to be
specified
 Other does not
 Both constructors take an object of the class
‘InputStream’ as an argument
 Overrides the access methods that the
InputStream provides, and does not introduce
any new methods

Core Java / Session 31 / 25 of 10

BufferedOutputStream Class
 Performs output buffering in a manner that
corresponds to the class
‘BufferedInputStream’.
 Defines two constructors. It allows us to
specify the size of the output buffer in a
constructor, as well as provide a default
buffer size
 Overrides all the methods of the
‘OutputStream’ class, and does not introduce
any methods.
Core Java / Session 31 / 26 of 10
Reader and Writer Classes
 Are abstract classes
 Are at the top of the class hierarchy that
supports the reading and writing of unicode
character streams

Core Java / Session 31 / 27 of 10

Reader Class
 Supports the following methods:
 read( )
 reset( )
 skip( )
 mark( )
 markSupported( )
 close( )
 ready( )

Core Java / Session 31 / 28 of 10

Writer Class
 Supports the following methods:
 write( )
 flush( )
 close( )

Core Java / Session 31 / 29 of 10

Character Array Input and Output
classes
 Supports input and output from memory
buffers
 Support 8-bit character input and output
 ‘CharArrayReader’ does not add any new
methods to the ones that the class ‘Reader’
provides

Core Java / Session 31 / 30 of 10

Character Array Input and Output
classes
 ‘CharArrayWriter’ class adds the following
methods to the ones that the class ‘Writer’
provides:
 reset( )
 size( )
 toCharArray( )
 toString( )
 writeTo( )

Core Java / Session 31 / 31 of 10

Character String Input and
Output classes
 The class ‘StringReader’ helps read the
character input from a string
 It does not add any methods to those that
the class Reader provides
 The class ‘StringWriter’ helps to write
character output to a ‘StringBuffer’ object
 This class adds the following methods:
 getBuffer( )
 toString( )

Core Java / Session 31 / 32 of 10

PrinterWriter Class
 Implements an output
 Has additional methods, which help print the basic
types of data
 The PrintWriter is a character-oriented version of the
‘PrintStream’
 Is an improvement upon the ‘PrintStream’ class; this
class uses a platform-dependent line separator to
print lines, instead of the ‘\n’ character
 Provides better support than PrintStream for Unicode
characters
 Methods:
 checkError( )
 setError( ) Core Java / Session 31 / 33 of 10
Summary
 File I/O classes
 Buffered I/O classes
 Reader and Writer classes
 Character Array and String I/O classes
 PrinterWriter class

Core Java / Session 31 / 34 of 10

DataInput Interface
 Is used to read bytes from a binary stream,
and reconstruct data in any of the Java
primitive types
 Allows us to convert data from the Java
modified UTF-8 format to the String form
 Defines a number of methods, including
methods for reading Java primitive data types

Core Java / Session 31 / 35 of 10

DataInput Interface Methods
 boolean readBoolean( )  float readFloat( )
 byte readByte( )  int readInt( )
 char readChar( )  double readDouble( )
 short readShort( )  String readUTF( )
 long readLong( )  String readLine( )

Core Java / Session 31 / 36 of 10

DataOutput Interface
 Is used to reconstruct the data in any of the
Java primitive types into a series of bytes
 Writes these bytes onto a binary stream
 Allows us to convert a String into the Java
modified UTF-8 format, and write it into a
stream
 Defines a number of methods and all
methods throw an IOException in case of an
error

Core Java / Session 31 / 37 of 10

DataOutput Interface Methods
 void writeBoolean(boolean b)
 void writeByte( int value)
 void writeChar(int value)
 void writeShort(int value)
 void writeLong(long value)
 void writeFloat(float value)
 void writeInt(int value)
 void writeDouble(double value)
 void writeUTF(String value)
Core Java / Session 31 / 38 of 10
RandomAccessFile Class
 Provides the capability to perform I/O to specific
locations within a file
 Data can be read or written to random locations
within a file, instead of a continuous storage of
information
 ‘seek( )’ method supports random access
 Implements both data input and output
 Supports basic file read/write permissions
 Inherits methods from the ‘DataInput’ and
‘DataOutput’ classes

Core Java / Session 31 / 39 of 10

RandomAccessFile Class
Methods
 seek( )
 getFilePointer( )
 length( )

Core Java / Session 31 / 40 of 10

java.awt.print Package
 Consists of the following interfaces
 Pageable:
 Defines the methods used for objects representing the
pages to be printed
 Specifies the number of pages to be printed, and
whether the current page, or a range of pages is to be
printed
 Printable:
 Specifies the ‘print( )’ method used for printing a page
on a ‘Graphics’ object
 PrinterGraphics:
 Provides access to the ‘PrinterJob’ object
Core Java / Session 31 / 41 of 10
java.awt.print Package (Contd…)
 ‘PrinterGraphics’ interface provides the following
classes:
 Paper
 Book
 PageFormat
 PrinterJob
 ‘java.awt.print’ package throws the following
exceptions:
 PrinterException
 PrinterIOException
 PrinterAbortException

Core Java / Session 31 / 42 of 10

Summary
 DataInput and DataOutput interfaces
 RandomAccessFile class
 ‘jawa.awt.print’ package

Core Java / Session 31 / 43 of 10