What’s the plastic product?

Easy
A. Polyethylene terephthalate
B. Water bottle
c. Polystyrene
 Medium

A. Polyethylene terephthalate
B. Chlorofluorocarbon
c. PVC pipe
Hard

A. High density polyethylene

B. Low density polyethylene
c. Medium density polyethylene
D.
C O , G A R C I A , VA L L E D O R APRIL 15, 2024
CE-14 EB1 R E P O RT 11

PLASTICS BROUGHT TO YOU BY GROUP 4

PLASTICS
Noun. /ˈplæs.tɪk/
1. A wide range of Synthetic or semi-synthetic
materials that use Polymers as a main ingredient
 1930s
1862 1907 1920 1940s
A L E X A N D E R PA R K E S BAKELITE, THE FIRST H E R M A N N S TA U D I N G E R A NUMBER OF PLASTIC
REVEALED THE FIRST W H O L LY S Y N T H E T I C E S TA B L I S H E D T H E AND CHEMICAL
SYNTHETIC PLASTIC TO P L A S T I C , WA S E X I S T E N C E O F W H AT A R E I N N O VAT I O N S , M A I N LY
T H E W O R L D . PA R K S DEVELOPED BY DR. LEO N O W K N O W N A S P O LY M E R S F O R M I L I TA RY P U R P O S E
F O U N D “ PA R K E S I N E , ” BAKELAND
W H I C H WA S P R O M O T E D
A S A N A LT E R N AT I V E T O
I V O RY A N D H O R N .
 1960s 1980s
1950s 1970s 1990s 2000+
PLASTIC C R E AT I O N O F THE AGE OF HIGH A P P L I C AT I O N S O F
M A N U FA C T U R E R S P O LYA RY L E T H E R E T H E R K E PERFORMANCE PLASTICS. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
TURNED TO MAKING TONE (PEEK), KEVLAR, FIRST INTRODUCTION OF P O LY M E R A N D
CONSUMER PRODUCTS. SILICONE GEL BREST LINEAR LOW DENSITY COMPOSITES 3D
INTRODUCTION OF IMPLANTS P O LY E T H Y L E N E , B L U E PRINTED, FLEXIBLE
• P O LY E S T E R HDPE PIPES, LIGHT PLASTIC SCREENS,
• P O LY P R O P E LY N E M I T T I N G P O LY M E R S I M P L A N TA B L E
• HIGH DENSITY PE P O LY M E R S , P L A S T I C S
BLOOD, BULLETPROOF
P O LY M E R , E T C
ASTM International Resin Identification
Coding System (RIC)
(ASTM D7611/D7611M-21)
A set of symbols appearing on plastic products that
identify the plastic resin out of which the product is
made.
TYPES OF PLASTICS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
Polycarbonate (PC)
• high-performance, sustainable thermoplastic
• naturally transparent, and amorphous
• widely used for construction applications that
require transparency and high impact resistance
• can be used as a lighter alternative to glass
• has very good heat resistance and pliability
• is prone to scratching
Acrylic (Poly-Methyl
Methacrylate, PMMA)
PMMA is also known as acrylic glass or Plexiglas

Properties of PMMA
• transparency
• weather resistance and
• fracture and flexural strength
HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE
(HDPE)
• is a petroleum-based thermoplastic
polymer considered one of the most
versatile plastic materials available
today. It is used to manufacture
numerous items, including food and
beverage containers, cleaning product
bottles, pipes, cutting boards, and some
shoe parts.
 Polypropylene (PP)
Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a
thermoplastic polymer that is quite durable, so it can
withstand daily wear and tear, and is resistant to cracking and
stress.

Polypropylene can be used in a variety of building and

construction applications, including:
• siding,
• air and moisture barrier membranes,
• carpet textiles,
• films and sheets used in insulating building wraps,
• industrial adhesives and tapes, and
• plastic parts included in piping.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Polyvinyl chloride, also known as vinyl or
simply PVC, is the third-most produced plastic
in the world.
• It is durable, cost-efficient, sustainable and
recyclable applications.
• strong and resistant to moisture and abrasion
ALUMINUM
COMPOSITE
MATERIAL (ACM)

A three-layer sandwich panel consisting of two

pre-painted aluminum sheets bonded to a
polyethylene (PE) core.

These are an excellent material for indoor or

outdoor applications that require good
dimensional stability, low weight, and a sleek,
brilliant look.
DIFFERENT
DIFFERENTPVC
PVCPIPES
PIPES
 UNPLASTICIZED PVC
(PVC-U)
•PVC-U pipes don’t contain a plasticizer
•Due to this lack of material, this type is also known as rigid PVC.
•It is lightweight, easy to handle, and it’s affordable.
•Resistance to UV exposure as well as high chemical resistance
•100% recyclable
Unplasticized PVC is used for:
• pipes and fittings,
• waste, and soil transportation,
• industrial applications,
• industrial drainage, and
• sewage.
Chlorinated PVC (C-
PVC)
This type of PVC has a higher chlorine content. By
the chlorination of PVC resin, you can make a
chlorinated PVC pipe. Different materials such as
lubricants, impact modifiers, pigments, and
stabilizers are also added to these pipes in the
making process for a better ending result.

Features:
• Resistant to corrosion.
• Safe for drinking water.
• High durability.
• Flexible due to plasticizers.
• Ductile compared to unplasticized PVC pipes.
• Environmentally friendly and recyclable.
 MOLECULAR
ORIENTED PVC (PVC-O)
This type of PVC pipes are among the different types of PVC
pipes that are produced by turning amorphous Unplasticized
PVC structure into a much more layered form to make an
enhanced version of PVC-U called PVC-O.

Features:
• High-pressure resistance.
• Higher corrosion resistance than U-PVC.
• Cost-efficient.
• High water quality preservation.
• Recyclable and environmentally friendly.
• Strong, stiff, and flexible.
• High ductility.
• Great resistance to cracks and weariness.
• Long-lasting durability.
 HIGH IMPACT PVC
(PVC-HI)
These pipes are the newest types of PVC pipes that are made by

01 using different chemicals and inserting them into Unplasticized PVC

(PVC-U), resulting in an increase in the resistance to impact.

Polycarbonate mixed with PVC for higher dimensional

stability. The result can withstand heat and pressure.
02
The end product has thermal distortion resistance and high-impact

03 strength. High Impact PVC pipes are great for applications where
high pressure or extreme temperature is required such as in industrial
liquids or commercial sewage systems.
Major manufacturers of PVC, HDPE
and PPR Pipes in the Philippines
 ASTM STANDARDS ON
SPECIFICATION AND
A S T M D 1 7 8 5 - 2 1 A - S TA N D A R D S P E C I F I C AT I O N F O R P O LY ( V I N Y L C H L O R I D E ) ( P V C )

TESTING OF PVC PIPES

PLASTIC PIPE, SCHEDULES 40, 80, AND 120

A S T M D 6 1 8 – 2 1 - S TA N D A R D P R A C T I C E F O R C O N D I T I O N I N G P L A S T I C S
FOR TESTING

A S T M D 1 5 9 8 - 2 3 - S TA N D A R D T E S T M E T H O D F O R T I M E - T O - FA I L U R E O F P L A S T I C P I P E
U N D E R C O N S TA N T I N T E R N A L P R E S S U R E

A S T M D 1 5 9 9 - 1 8 - S TA N D A R D T E S T M E T H O D F O R R E S I S TA N C E T O S H O RT- T I M E
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE OF PLASTIC PIPE, TUBING, AND FITTINGS
GAUGE AND
SCHEDULE
 PIPE OR TUBE: WHAT IS
THE DIFFERENCE?
T W O I M P O RTA N T M E A S U R E M E N T S :
O U T S I D E D I A M E T E R ( O . D . ) A N D T H E WA L L T H I C K N E S S

M O S T I M P O RTA N T D I F F E R E N C E :
TERMINOLOGY USED
 THE BASICS OF
MEASURING TUBE

OUTSIDE DIAMETER = O.D WA L L T H I C K N E S S = G A U G E

T H E M O S T C O M M O N LY R E Q U E S T E D G A U G E S O F T U B I N G

10 GAUGE = .134 INCHES THE PROPER NAMING WHEN

11 gauge = .120 inches ORDERING A TUBE:
12 gauge = .109 inches
IF A TUBE HAS A
13 gauge = .095 inches
O.D OF 1.5 IN
14 gauge = .083 inches
WA L L T H I C K N E S S O F 0 . 6 5 G A U G E
16 gauge = .065 inches
18 gauge = .049 inches IT IS NAMED AS 1-1/2 IN. 16
20 gauge = .035 inches GAUGE TUBE
 THE BASICS OF
MEASURING PIPE

OUTSIDE DIAMETER = O.D WA L L T H I C K N E S S = S C H E D U L E INSIDE DIAMETER = I.D

 EXAMPLE SCHEDULE
MEASUREMENT VARIES AMONG
THE 1-1/2 INCH PIPE
 CHART
OF
POPULAR
PIPE
SIZES &
HDPE PIPES
HDPE PIPES
HDPE PIPES
HDPE PIPES
HDPE PIPES
HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE
(HDPE) PIPES
• Made from a petroleum-based thermoplastic
polymer (HDPE)

• Black due to the addition of 3-5% of carbon

black to the clear polyethylene material

• Various Industrial Use

HIGH-DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE
(HDPE) PIPES
• Low cost
• Impact resistant from -40 C to 90 C
• Moisture resistance
• Good chemical resistance
• Food grades available
• Readily processed by all thermoplastic
methods
PPR PIPES
PPR PIPES
PPR PIPES
PPR PIPES
 PPR PIPES
• PPR pipes (Polypropylene Random
Copolymer pipes) are a type of plastic pipe
made from a blend of polypropylene and
ethylene copolymers.

Features:
• Low Thermal Conductivity
• High-temperature resistance
• Long Lasting
• Corrosion-resistant
• Easy to install
CONNECTION METHODOLOGIES
OF PVC, HDPE AND PPR PIPES
PVC The interface methods of PVC pipes and fittings are based on different environments
with different interface methods.

RUBBER RING CONNECTION GLUE CONNECTION FLANGE CONNECTION

PVC rubber ring joints are made This method makes use of PVC It provides a secure and leak-proof
from PVC with rubber ring insert adhesive to connect PVC pipes joint, ensuring that fluids or gasses
of the pipes ends. This allows to together. flow without any losses or
easily to connect pipes together. contamination.
 o n n e c t i o n
C
HDPE CONNECTIONS

BUTT FUSION / ELECTRO FUSION COMPRESSION

WELDING FITTING

SOCKET FUSION MECHANICAL BOLT

TYPE COUPLINGS
PPR

WELDING COMPRESSION
FITTINGS/THREADED
CONNECTIONS
 PPR WELDING/
FUSION MACHINE
 ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES A D VA N TA G E S
• LOW COST • Strength • LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
• Impact resistant from -40 C to 90 C
• Moisture resistance
• Variety of sizes • H I G H - T E M P E R AT U R E
• Good chemical resistance • Flexibility R E S I S TA N C E
• Food grades available • Easy to install • LONG LASTING
• Readily processed by all thermoplastic • • C O R R O S I O N - R E S I S TA N T
Long lifespan with zero
methods • E A S Y T O I N S TA L L
maintenance
• Bio-form resistant

DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES D I S A D VA N TA G E S
• HIGH THERMAL EXPANSION • Not ideal in high temperature. • HIGH COST
• Poor weathering resistance
• Subject to stress cracking • They are easily cracked. • S P E C I F I C AT I O N S A R E
• Difficult to bond • At higher temperatures, the R E L AT I V E LY S I N G E , S M A L L ,
• Flammable strength of plastic pipes reduces. INCONSISTENT
• Poor temperature capability • BRITTLE
• A D VA N C E C O N S T R U C T I O N
EQUIPMENT
• P O O R A N T I - U LT R AV I O L E T
• FLAMMABLITY
APPLICATION OF THESE

PIPES
 PVC PIPES APPLICATIONS

PLUMBING SEWAGE INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE

HDPE PIPES APPLICATIONS

WATER SUPPLY SEWARAGE/ DRAINAGE MINING

GAS DISTRIBUTION CABLE PROTECTION CHEMICAL TRANSPORTATION

 PPR PIPES APPLICATIONS

HOT AND COLD WATER CHEMICAL AND FLUID AGRICULTURAL

SYSTEMS TRANSPORT IRRIGATION

INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRIAL FLUID

PROJECTS TRANSPORTATION
PVC CORRUGATED
ELECTRICAL
FLEXIBLE HOSE

COMPONENTS, USES,
BENEFITS, APPLICATION
COMPONENTS
• Made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), a thermoplastic polymer.
• Corrugated design for flexibility and durability.
• Can include metal wire reinforcement for added strength

USES
• Designed for electrical wiring protection and management.
• Suitable for indoor and outdoor applications.

APPLICATION
• Commonly used in electrical installations for machinery, equipment, and infrastructure.
• Provides protection for electrical wires and cables against debri and mechanical stress.
• Used in various industries such as manufacturing, construction, telecommunications, and automotive.

BENEFITS
• Flexibility • Lightweight
• Durability • Cost-Effective
• Electrical Insulation
PLASTIC ROOFING
• Made out of polycarbonate which is a durable
thermoplastic material.
SHEETS • Can withstand high temperatures for long periods of
time
• Extremely versatile
 TYPES OF PLASTIC ROOFING SHEETS

CORRUGATED PLASTIC
ROOFING SHEETS
• Primarily used for structures meant to act as a form of cover,
protection, or storage facility
• Ridges in the sheets provide additional structural durability that’s
resistant to external damages and protects the interior of the
structure.

FLAT POLYCARBONATE
ROOFING SHEETS
• Usually found in industrial and commercial buildings
• Highly durable and can withstand extreme temperatures.
• Low maintenance requirements make them ideal for warehouses,
manufacturing facilities, and multi-store retail complexes.
 TYPES OF PLASTIC ROOFING SHEETS

PVC SHEETS
• Polyvinyl chloride
• Excellent roofing choice for greenhouses and structures that
require high sunlight transmittance
• Incredibly lightweight, easy to install, and low maintenance

ACRYLIC PLASTIC ROOFING

SHEETS
• Provide optimal natural light transmittance and low maintenance.
• Affordable than traditional roofing materials.
• Heat bent so they can be customized to fit a variety of structural angles.
• Made from recycled plastic materials (most eco-friendly and sustainable option)
 PROS CONS
• S H AT T E R - R E S I S TA N T • I T C A N B E S C R AT C H E D .
• Lightweight ⚬ Can be prevented by routinely
• Blocks UV Rays cleaning polycarbonate panels
• Te m p e r a t u r e & I m p a c t R e s i s t a n t ( 2 5 0
times the impact strength of glass)
• Long Lasting
• Great for Sunrooms and Greenhouses
PVC
ROOFS
• Consist of a single-ply PVC membrane with two layers of
vinyl bonded to polyester reinforcement.
• Designed to be flexible yet durable.
• Typically white or light-colored to deflect UV rays and
enhance energy efficiency.
• Used to cover low-slope or flat roofs.
• Installation begins with laying down insulation boards
(commonly ISO or EPS foam boards) on the roof deck.
PVC
Membrane Roofing Installation

FULLY ADHERED PVC ROOFING

• Material glued directly to existing substrate with commercial adhesive.
• Suitable when structure can't support fasteners or to minimize roof deck
penetrations.

MECHANICALLY ATTACHED PVC ROOFING

• Heavy-duty screws and plates secure membrane in place.
• Ideal for areas prone to severe weather like hurricanes, offering high wind
resistance.

INDUCTION WELDED PVC ROOFING:

• Heating equipment are used to weld PVC membrane above metal plate
locations. (Electric pulses makes the materials cling)
• Requires fewer fasteners, less labor-intensive compared to other methods.
 PVC Roofs
PROS CONS
• STRONG AND LONG-LASTING • R E Q U I R E S C O M P L E T E R E M O VA L O F
• R E S I S TA N T TO C H E M I C A L S A N D OLD ROOF
OTHER HAZARDS • PROBLEMS OCCUR WITH AGE AND
C L I M AT E
PLASTIC
DOORS
WHAT IS A PLASTIC DOOR?
• Doors primarily made of plastic materials such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or UPVC
(unplasticized polyvinyl chloride).

DIFFERENCE FROM OTHER DOORS

• Manufactured using synthetic materials.
• Often lighter in weight and more resistant to moisture, rot, and insect damage compared to
wooden doors.
• They may have different aesthetic appearances, textures, and finishes compared to wooden
or metal doors.

COMMON USES
• Interior Doors: Used in residential and commercial interiors for rooms such as bathrooms,
kitchens, and utility areas.
• Exterior Doors: Installed in homes, offices, and commercial buildings as entrance doors or
patio doors.
• Industrial Applications: Used in warehouses, factories, and industrial facilities where
durability and resistance to harsh environments are required.
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Termite proof • Not suitable for entry doors as
• Tough and durable they are very of light weight
• Anti corrosive • Not weather proof like wooden
• Light weight or metal doors.
• Maintenance free • They cannot resist the harsh
• Superb quality environment conditions
• Have a pleasing appearance
• Chemical and moisture resistant
• Available in a wide range of
colors
 PLASTIC
SIGNAGES
 ACRYLIC
• One of the most common plastics used in signage
• Acrylic made for signs is ten times stronger than traditional acrylic
• Thirty times more powerful than glass with double strength

POLYCARBONATE
• Another excellent choice.
• UV-resistant and high-quality, made to withstand high impact
and damage from the weather.
• It’s much stronger than acrylic.
 PVC FOAM SHEET
• It’s durable and versatile, allowing a consistent
color through and through
• Has a rigid exterior and a matte finish.

ALUMINUM COMPOSITE
MATERIAL (ACM)
• Three-layer panel material composed of a polyethylene core and
two layers of aluminum bonded to the outside of the sheet.
• Excellent for uses requiring dimensional stability, strength,
durability, and lightweight.
Any Question ?

Q&A
Session
 QUIZ 1/4 Sheet of paper
1. A wide range of Synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use Polymers as a main
ingredient
2. This type of PVC has higher chlorine content.
3. A set of symbols appearing on plastic products that identify the plastic resin out of which the
product is made.
4. True or False. Pvc pipes are able to be welded
5. Give one feature of Molecular oriented PVC (PVC-O)
6. True or False. Polypropylene (PPL), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer
that is quite durable, so it can withstand daily wear and tear, and is resistant to cracking and
stress.
7. Give the proper name for the wall thickness of Pipes
8. Type of plastic signage has a rigid exterior and a matte finish.
9. Give one way a PVC membrane roofing installation is done.
 QUIZ 1/4 Sheet of paper
10. A plastic roofing sheet that is primarily used for structures meant to act as a form of cover,
protection, or storage facility
11. True or False. A PVC Corrugated Electrical Flexible Hose is only suitable for outdoor
applications.
12. PVC stands for _______________.
13.
14.
15.