ENCRYPTION AND
DECRYPTION
What is Cryptography?
■ Cryptography is used to secure and protect data during communication. It is helpful to
prevent unauthorized person or group of users from accessing any confidential data.
Encryption and decryption are the two essential functionalities of cryptography.
■ A message sent over the network is transformed into an unrecognizable encrypted
message known as data encryption. At the receiving end, the received message is
converted to its original form known as decryption.
What is meant By Encryption?
■ Encryption is a process which transforms the original information into an
unrecognizable form. This new form of the message is entirely different from the
original message. That’s why a hacker is not able to read the data as senders use an
encryption algorithm. Encryption is usually done using key algorithms.
■ Data is encrypted to make it safe from stealing. However, many known companies also
encrypt data to keep their trade secret from their competitors.
What is meant by Decryption?
■ Decryption is a process of converting encoded/encrypted data in a form that is readable
and understood by a human or a computer. This method is performed by un-encrypting
the text manually or by using keys used to encrypt the original data.
Why use Encryption and Decryption?
• Helps you to protect your confidential data such as passwords and login id
• Provides confidentiality of private information
• Helps you to ensure that that the document or file has not been altered
• Encryption process also prevents plagiarism and protects IP
• Helpful for network communication (like the internet) and where a hacker can easily
access unencrypted data.
• It is an essential method as it helps you to securely protect data that you don’t want
anyone else to have access.
Caesar Cipher
■ Caesar Cipher is a method in which each letter in the alphabet is rotated by three letters
as shown
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABC
Encryption
Plain Text Cipher Text
Cipher:
Message: Caesar Cipher Message:
Attack at Dawn Algorithm Dwwdfn Dw Gdyq
Key (3)
Decryption
Cipher Text Plain Text
Cipher:
Message: Caesar Cipher Message:
Dwwdfn Dw Gdyq Algorithm Attack at Dawn
Key (3)
Polyalphabetic Caesar Cipher
■ Developed by Blaise de Vigenere
– Also called Vigenere cipher
Plain Text ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
C1(k=6) FGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDE
Plain Text ABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
C2(k=20) TUVWXYZABCDEFGH I JKLMNOPQRS
Polyalphabetic Caesar Cipher
Using a key to shift alphabet
■ Obtain a key to for the algorithm and then shift the alphabets
– For instance if the key is word we will shift all the letters by four and remove the
letters w, o, r, & d from the encryption
■ We have to ensure that the mapping is one-to-one
– no single letter in plain text can map to two different letters in cipher text
– no single letter in cipher text can map to two different letters in plain text
