1
Exploring the Fundamental Elements and
Functions of Modern Computing
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Defining what is
a computer
system
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Introduction to
Computer Systems
Definition: A computer system is a combination
of hardware and software components that
work together to perform various tasks and
solve problems.
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Components of a Computer System
Hardware: Physical components such as the central processing
unit (CPU), memory (RAM), input/output devices (keyboard,
mouse, monitor), and storage devices (hard disk drive, solid-
state drive).
Software: Programs and instructions that tell the hardware how
to perform tasks and interact with users. Example :
Windows,miscrosoft word.
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Input Devices
Definition: Input devices are hardware
components that allow users to enter data and
instructions into the computer system.
Examples: Keyboard, mouse, touchpad,
microphone, scanner, and webcam.
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Process
Definition: Process refers to the manipulation and transformation
of data by the computer system using algorithms and
instructions.
CPU: The central processing unit executes instructions and
performs calculations.
Algorithms: Step-by-step procedures used to solve problems
and perform tasks.
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Output Devices
Definition: Output devices display or present
processed data and information to users in a
human-readable form.
Examples: Monitor, printer, speakers,
projector, and headphones.
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Comparison Between Input and Output
Devices.
Input Devices Output Devices
Collect Present
Receive Display
Enter Output
Capture Transmit
Transmit Convey
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Storage Devices
Definition: Storage devices are used to store
and retrieve data and programs permanently
or temporarily.
Examples: Hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state
drive (SSD), USB flash drive, optical disc drive
(CD/DVD drive), and memory cards.
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Data Bus
Definition: A data bus is a communication system within the
computer that transfers data between hardware components.
Types: Address bus, data bus, and control bus.
Data Transfer: Data buses facilitate the movement of data
between the CPU, memory.
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Working Of a Computer System
11
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Conclusion
Recap: A computer system consists of input, process, output,
and storage components that work together to perform tasks
and solve problems.
Importance: Understanding the functions and interactions of
computer system components is essential for effective use and
troubleshooting.
Future: Advancements in technology continue to enhance the
capabilities and efficiency of computer systems, shaping the
way we live and work.
