THEOREMS
ON
TRIANGLE
- Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
- Triangle Inequality Theorem
- Hinge Theorem
A triangle has three interior angles.
1, 2, and 3.
1
3 2
An exterior angle of a triangle is an
angle which forms a linear pair
(adjacent) with one of the triangle’s 4 5
1
interior angles.
1: 4, and 5 9 3 2 6
8 7
2: 6, and 7
3: 8, and 9
Remote interior angles are two
interior angles not adjacent to the 4 5
exterior angles. 1
5: 2, and 3 9 3 2 6
8 7
9: 1, and 2
7: 1, and 3
Example.
1. Name all the exterior angles. 5, 7, 6, 8, 4, and 12
2. Name all the interior angles. 1, 2, and 3
3. What are the remote interior angle to 5? 2, and 3 9
5 7
4. What is the adjacent interior angle to 4? 3 1
5. m 3 = 55 68ﹾ
6. m 2 = 57 125ﹾ
7. m 7 = 112 12: 1 and 2 12 3 55 ﹾ57 ﹾ2 6
8. m 4 = 125 125 = ﹾ68ﹾ57 + ﹾ 11 4 8 12
9. m 8 = 123 The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the
10. m 9 = 68 sum of the measures of the two remote interior angles.
EXTERIOR ANGLE INEQUALITY
Exterior
Remote Interior angles
Angle
THEOREM
4 = 105ﹾ 2 = 60ﹾ 3 = 45ﹾ
5 = 105ﹾ 2 = 60ﹾ 3 = 45ﹾ
105ﹾ
6 = 120ﹾ 1 = 75ﹾ 3 = 45ﹾ 105 ﹾ4 5
7 = 120ﹾ 1 = 75ﹾ 3 = 45ﹾ 1
75ﹾ
8 = 135ﹾ 1 = 75ﹾ 2 = 60ﹾ
135ﹾ 120ﹾ
9 = 135ﹾ 1 = 75ﹾ 2 = 60ﹾ 9 3 45ﹾ 60 ﹾ2 6
8 7
The measure of an exterior angle is always
135ﹾ 120ﹾ
greater than the measure of any of the two
interior angles in a triangle.
TRIANGLE
Any two sides Third side
INEQUALITY
a =6 b =9 c = 11
A
+
a = 6 + c = 11
b = 9 + c = 11
b=9
a =6
THEOREM 6 c
a 11
15 >11 a + b >c
17 > 9 a + c >c 9
20 > 6 b + c >c B C
b
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is
greater than the length of the third side.
Example.
Which of the following could be the lengths of the sides of a triangle?
A. 7, 4, 5 B. 9, 11,2
7 + 4 >5 True 9 + 11 >2 True
4 + 5 >7 True 11 + 2 >9 True
7 + 5 >4 True 9 + 2 >11 False
C. Two sides of a triangle measure 15cm and 9cm. Write an inequality that
represents the range of values for the possible lengths of the third side.
Difference < Third side (x) < Sum
15 – 9 < x < 15 + 9
6 < x < 24
Example.
The measures of three sides of a triangle are given. Find the possible value(s)
of x.
A 3x + x > 16 16 + 3x > x 16 + x > 3x
3(5) + (5) > 16 16 + 3(5) > 5 16 + 5 > 3(5)
16 x 15 + 5 > 16 16 + 15 > 5 21 > 15
20 > 16 31 > 5 True
B C True True
3x
3x – x < 16 < 3x + x
3x – x < 16 3x + x < 16
2x < 16 4x < 16
x<8 x<4
4<x<8
ANGLE – SIDE RELATIONSHIP THEOREM
A Angles Opposite Side
75ﹾ A = 75ﹾ BC = 14
10 8
B = 45ﹾ AC = 8
45ﹾ 60ﹾ
B C C = 60ﹾ AB = 10
14
In a triangle,
Largest to smallest angle: Angle-Side Inequality Theorem
A, C, B If one angle is larger than the other angles, the side opposite the
larger angle is the longer side.
Longest to shortest side: Side-Angle Inequality Theorem
BC, AB, AC If one side is longer than the other side, the angle opposite the
longer side is the larger angle.
THE HINGE THEOREM
S
B If two sides of a triangle are
congruent to two sides of another
A 50ﹾ
triangle, and the included angle of
R 80ﹾ the first is greater than the included
C angle of the second, then the third
ABC
side of the first triangle is longer
RST T than the third side of the second
triangle.
RS AB
RT AC
mR > mA SAS Inequality Theorem
ST > BC
CONVERSE
S OF THE HINGE
B If two sides of a triangle are
congruent to two sides of another
A THEOREM
50ﹾ
triangle, and the third side of the
first is longer than the third side of
R 80ﹾ
the second, then the included angle
C
ABC in the first triangle is greater than
the included angle in the second
RST T
triangle.
RS AB
RT AC
ST > BC
mR > mA
SSS Inequality Theorem
ACTIVITY!
1. Which of the following could be the lengths of the sides of
a triangle. Write YES or NO before the number.
1. 12, 11, 10 6. 3, 7, 10
2. 2, 3, 4 7. 4, 6, 7
3. 3, 2, 1 8. 1, 1, 2
4. 7, 13, 7 9. 5, 6, 7
5. 13, 12, 5 10. 2, 1, 3
