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Introduction Data Visualization

This document provides an overview of Matplotlib, which is a popular Python library for plotting. It discusses the key components of Matplotlib plots, which include Figures as the top-level container and Axes as the actual plot area. It also covers basic plotting functions in Matplotlib like plt.plot() to create lines, and functions to customize plots with labels, titles, text annotations and legends.

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yomna mohamed
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28 views15 pages

Introduction Data Visualization

This document provides an overview of Matplotlib, which is a popular Python library for plotting. It discusses the key components of Matplotlib plots, which include Figures as the top-level container and Axes as the actual plot area. It also covers basic plotting functions in Matplotlib like plt.plot() to create lines, and functions to customize plots with labels, titles, text annotations and legends.

Uploaded by

yomna mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab 1

Overview of Matplotlib

1
Introduction
• Matplotlib is probably the most popular plotting library for
Python.
• Each plot is encapsulated in a Figure object. Which is the
top-level container of the visualization. It can have multiple
axes.
• The two main components of a plot are as follows:

– Figure: The outermost container and is used as a canvas to draw on.


It allows you to draw multiple plots within it.

– Axes :It is the actual plot, or subplot, depending on whether you want
to plot single or multiple visualizations. Its sub-objects include the x
and y axis, spines, and legends.

2
Introduction

3
Introduction

4
Plotting Basics
• We will use pyplot submodule of matplotlib
• Steps for using pyplot
– import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
– plt.figure() # for creating figure
– plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))# to change width and height
default values (6.4&4.8 inch)

– plt.figure(dpi=300)# to change default value (100)(dots/inch)


– plt.close()#close current figure
– plt.close(‘all’) #close all figures

• If you want to close specified figure, you must give figure a number
– plt.figure(num=10)
– plt.close(10)
• You can use this command to find figure number:
plt.gcf().number

5
Plotting Basics
• Format strings
– It is specified as “[color] [marker] [line]”
• We can specify color in either of these formats
– RGB or RGBA float tuples (for example, (0.2, 0.4, 0.3) or (0.2, 0.4, 0.3, 0.5))
– RGB or RGBA hex strings (for example, '#0F0F0F' or '#0F0F0F0F’)

– First letter of color represented through a character

6
Plotting Basics
For representing markers

7
Plotting Basics
For representing different types of lines

8
Plotting Basics
• General format of plot function
– import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
– plt.plot([x],y,[fmt])# x optional
– plt.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], [2, 4, 6, 8])# produces solid
st.line
–

plt.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], [2, 4, 6, 8],’o’)# same plot but with


circled marker

9
Creating Simple Visualization
• We want to create this plot

Notes:
Extra Features:
1)Add inline command after import :
1) Add features to line
%matplotlib inline
2) Draw another line on same
figure
2) After creating plot call plt.show() to
3) Save figure
show the figure

10
Text functions
• Functions for setting labels for x axis and y axis
– plt.xlabel() , plt.ylabel() # set labels for current axes (plot)
– set_xlabel() , set_ylabel() # set labels for specified axes (plot)
• Example:
• Fig,ax=plot.subplots()
• ax.plot([1,2,3,4])
• ax.setxlabel(‘X Label’)

• Functions for setting title


• fig = plt.figure()
• fig.suptitle('Suptitle', fontsize=10, fontweight='bold’) # for main figure
• plt.title(“axes graph”) # for certain axes

11
Text functions
• Functions for adding text
– figtext(x,y,text) # add text for figure
– text (x,y,text) # add text for certain axes

• Functions for adding annotations (annotate some features of plot)


• We have 2 locations to consider ( annotated location (xy), annotation text
(text xylocation)

• It is useful to have arrow pointing to annotated location using arrowprops.

12
Text functions
ax.text(4, 6, 'Text in Data Coords', bbox={'facecolor': 'yellow', 'alpha':0.5, 'pad':10})

ax.annotate('Example of Annotate', xy=(4,2), xytext=(8,4),


arrowprops=dict(facecolor='green', shrink=0.05))

13
Text functions
• Functions for adding legend
– plt.legend () # for current axes
– ax.legend() # for spec axes
– plt.plot([1, 2, 3], label='Label 1')
– plt.plot([2, 4, 3], label='Label 2')
– plt.legend()

14
Ex: Visualization of stock trends

15

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