WELCOME

FIRE PROTECTION
SYSTEM DESIGN
(Part 2)

Presented By : Engr. Alfred C. Alejandro

 INTRODUCTION
• NFPA 13 is the oldest standard published by the
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

• First edition of NFPA 13 was published in 1896

• Sprinkler standard is not written as a legal

document, nor does it cover all situations that
might be encountered

• Standards must be used with engineering

judgement as well as common sense.
 PURPOSE OF NFPA 13

• To prescribe the minimum

requirements necessary to establish
design and installation of

Automatic Fire Sprinkler

System.
SPRINKLER DEFINITIONS
• Thermal Sensitivity : A measure of the
rapidity with which the thermal element
operates.
• Temperature rating.
• Orifice size
• Water distribution characteristics
• Special service conditions, i.e; dry
sprinklers and corrosion resistant
sprinkler.
 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
AND HARDWARE
A) SPRINKLERS

Sprinklers discharge Characteristics :

− Sprinklers are identified by their orifice
sizes
Table 2-2.2
Temperature Characteristics :
Table 2-2.4.1
 Table 2-2.2 Sprinkler Discharge Characteristics Identification

Nominal
Orifice size
K Percent of Nominal Thread Nominal Orifice Size
(in) (mm)
Factor ½ in. Discharge Type Marked On Frame
1/4 6.4 1.3 - 1.5 25 ½ in. NPT Yes
5/16 8.0 1.8 – 2.0 33.3 ½ in. NPT Yes
3/8 9.5 2.6 – 2.9 50 ½ in. NPT Yes
7/16 11.1 4.0 – 4.4 75 ½ in. NPT Yes
1/2 12.7 5.3 – 5.8 100 ½. In NPT No
17/32 13.5 7.4 – 8.2 140 ¾ in. NPT or No
½ in. NPT Yes
5/8 15.9 11.0 – 11.5 200 ½ in. NPT or Yes
¾ in. NPT Yes
3/4 19.1 13.5 – 14.5 250 ¾ in. NPT Yes

K factor is the constant in the formula Q = K P For SI Units : Qm = Km P

Where Q = Flow in gpm
Where Qm = Flow in L/mm
P = Pressure in psi
Pm = Pressure in bars

K = 14 K
Table 2-2.4.1 Temperature Ratings, Classifications, and Color Codings

Max. Ceiling Temperature

Temperature Rating
Temperature Glass Bulb
°F °C °F °C Color Code
Classification Colors

Uncolored or
100 38 135 to 170 57 to 77 Ordinary Orange or Red
black

150 66 175 to 225 79 to 107 Intermediate White Yellow or Green

225 107 250 to 300 121 to 149 High Blue Blue

300 149 325 to 375 163 to 191 Extra High Red Purple

375 191 400 to 475 204 to 246 Very Extra High Green Black

475 246 500 – 575 260 to 302 Ultra High Orange Black

625 329 650 343 Ultra High Orange Black

Escutcheon Plates :
− Used with a recessed or flush type
sprinklers

Guards :
− Sprinklers subject to mechanical injury
shall be protected with guards.
 B) PIPES

Possible Pipe Types :

− Steel Pipes
− Copper Tubes
− Non-Metallic Pipes
STEEL PIPES
• Schedule 10 for sizes up to 5 inches and
can only be joined by welding or by roll-
ground

• Schedule 30 and schedule 40 :

Pipes are connected by threaded joined
fittings, cut grooved fittings, roll grooved
fittings or welded fittings.
COPPER TUBES
• Shall have a wall thickness of type
K, L or M

NON METALLIC PIPE

• Shall be permitted where installed in
accordance with their listing limitations.
 C) FITTINGS
• Shall meet or exceed the standards as
mentioned in below Table :
Table 2-4.1
Table 2.4.2
• Joining of Pipes and Fittings :
− Threading
− Welding
− Groove Joining Method
− Brazed and Soldered Joints
− Other Types
 Table 2-4.1 Fittings Materials and Dimensions
Materials and Dimensions Standard

Cast Iron
 Cast Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 125 and 250 ANSI B16.4
 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ANSI B16.1

Malleable Iron
Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 150 and 300 ANSI B16.3
Steel
 Factory-made Wrought Steel Buttweld Fittings ANSI B16.9
 But welded Ends for Pipe, Valves, Flanges, and Fittings ABSI B16.25
 Spec. for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy
Steel for Moderate and Elevated Temperatures ASTM A234
 Steel Pipe flanges and Flanged Fittings ANSI B16.5
 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welded and Threaded ANSI B16.11
Copper
 Wrought Copper and Bronze Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings ANSI B16.22
 Cast Bronze Solder-Joints Pressure Fittings ANSI B16.18
 Table 2-4.2 Specially Listed Fittings Materials and Dimensions

Materials and Dimensions Standard

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)

 Specification for Schedule 80 CPVC Threaded Fittings ASTM F 437

 Specification for Schedule 40 CPVC Socket-type Fittings ASTM F 438

 Specification for Schedule 80 CPVC Socket-type Fittings ASTM F 439

 D) VALVES

• A closed valve is the major reason why

sprinkler systems do not perform
adequately to control a Fire

• All valves controlling connections to water

supplies and to supply pipes to sprinklers
shall be listed indicating valves.
• Exception to the above requirement :

− A listed underground gate valve equipped

with a listed indicator post shall be permitted.

− A listed water control valve assembly with a

reliable position indication connected to a
remote supervisory station shall be permitted.

− A non indicating valve accepted by the

authority having jurisdictions.
• When water pressure exceeds 175 psi
(12.1 bars), valves shall be used in
accordance with their pressure rating.

• Butterfly valves shall be installed in a

manner that does not interfere with the
operation of any system components.

• Drain and test valves are provided in a

sprinkler pipe line.
 E) FIRE DEPT. CONNECTIONS

• Is an auxiliary water supply to the sprinkler

system

• Has internal threaded swivel fittings having

threads compatible with those of the local fire
department.

• Connections shall be equipped with plugs or

caps.
 F) WATER FLOW ALARMS

• Flow of water from sprinkler system equal to or

greater than that from a Single Automatic
Sprinkler shall result in an audible alarm.

• It is not mandatory to activate Building Fire

Alarm System when the sprinkler system is
activated.

• Alarm unit shall include mechanical alarm

device.
 INSTALLATION
REQUIREMENTS
A) PROTECTION AREA LIMITATIONS

 Light Hazard 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)

 Ordinary Hazard 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
 Extra Hazard
- Pipe Schedule 25,000 ft2 (2323 m2)
- Hydraulically Calculated 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2)
 Storage – High Piled Storage
40,000 ft2 (3716 m2)
 B) TEMPERATURE RATING

• Ordinary Temperature rated

sprinklers shall be used throughout
buildings
• Table 4-3.1.3.2(b) shows ratings of
sprinklers in specified locations.
 Table 4-3.1.3.2(b) Ratings of Sprinklers in Specified Locations

Ordinary Intermediate High Degree

Location
Degree Rating Degree Rating Rating

Skylights --- Glass or plastic ---

Attics Ventilated Unventilated ---

Peaked Roof :
Metal or thin boards, Ventilated Unventilated ---
concealed or not concealed,
insulated or uninsulated

Flat Roof : Note : For uninsulated rood,

Ventilated or climate and occupancy may
Metal, not concealed; ---
Unventilated necessitate intermediate
insulated or uninsulated sprinklers. Check on job.

Flat Roof :
Metal, concealed, insulated Ventilated Unventilated ---
or uninsulated

Show Window Ventilated Unventilated ---

 C) APPLICATION OF SPRINKLER TYPES
• Standard upright and pendent sprinklers:
- Shall be permitted in all occupancy Hazard
classifications and building construction types
• Sidewall Sprinklers :
- Shall be installed only in light hazard
occupancies with smooth flat ceilings.
- Shall be permitted to be used in ordinary hazard
occupancies with smooth, flat ceiling where
specifically listed for such a use.
 D) PROTECTION AREAS PER
SPRINKERS
• Determine distance between sprinklers
along branch lines. (S)
• Determine perpendicular distance
between branch lines (L)
• Protection area of coverage of the
sprinkler shall be established by
multiplying the S dimension by the L
dimension.
 E) UPRIGHT AND PENDENT
SPRINKLERS
• Maximum protection area of coverage:
Refer to (Table 4-6.2)
• Minimum distance from wall is 4 inches.
• Minimum distance between sprinklers is
6 ft.
 Table 4-6.2 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (SSU / SSP)

Light Hazard Ordinary Hazard Extra Hazard High-Piled Storage

Protection Spacing Protection Spacing Protection Spacing Protection Spacing

Construction
Area (max.) Area (max.) Area (max.) Area (max.)
Type
ft2 ft ft2 ft ft2 ft ft2 ft

Noncombustible
obstructed and
unobstructed and 225 15 130 15 100 12 100 12
combustible
unobstructed

Combustible
168 15 130 15 100 12 100 12
obstructed
 F) SIDEWALL SPRINKLERS
• Maximum protection area of coverage:
Refer to Table 4-7.2
• Minimum distance from wall is 4 inches.
• Minimum distance between sprinklers
is 6 ft.
• Distance below ceiling is not more than 6
inches and not less than 4 inches.
 Table 4-7.2 Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard
Sidewall Spray Sprinkler

LIGHT HAZARD ORDINARY HAZARD

Noncombustible or Noncombustible or
Combustible Combustible
Limited-Combustible Limited-Combustible
Finish Finish
Finish Finish

Maximum distance along the wall (S) 14 ft 14 ft 10 ft 10 ft

Maximum room width (L) 12 ft 14 ft 10 ft 10 ft

Maximum protection area 120 ft2 196 ft2 80 ft2 100 ft2
THANK YOU !

Presented By :
Engr. Alfred C.Alejandro