Introduction to Science:
What is Science?
The knowledge obtained by observing natural
events and asking questions that can be tested
leading to the discovery of facts and the
formation of theories, principles, or laws.
What is Science?
From Latin word SCIENTIA meaning to know
A way of learning how things work
A systematic attempt to establish knowledge
that helps explain occurrence through
objective means
Classification of Science
ACTIVITY
Matching Type
1. Involves gathering of information through
experimentation and is done mainly for the
pursuit of knowledge
2. Deals with the search for practical uses of
scientific knowledge and scientific laws
3. The application of science, it brings out
innovation and inventions
Classification of Science
ACTIVITY
Matching Type
A. TECHNOLOGY
B. PURE SCIENCE
C. APPLIED SCIENCE
ANSWER ACT. 1
1. B
2. C
3. A
Chart
SCIENCE
PURE SCIENCE APPLIED SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
LIFE SCIENCE
PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
EARTH SCIENCE
Life Science - Biology
Study of life …….. Study of
Botany – plants
Zoology – animals
Genetics – variation and heredity
Embryology – embryo
Histology – tissues
Biology
Cells are the basic units of living organisms.
The cell theory states that:
All living things are made of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in
living things.
All cells come from other cells.
Cell Types
Two categories:
1. Cell that have
membrane-bound
organelles
Called Eukaryotic
Cells
2. Cells that do not have
membrane-bound
organelles
called prokaryotic cells
Unicellular organisms
such as bacteria are
examples of prokaryotes.
Cell Types
Eukaryotic cells-
Cells that contain organelles which are held together by
membranes
Examples include plant and animal cells.
Organization of Life
MOLECULE CELL TISSUE
The connection of
Chemistry to ORGAN
Biology looking at
the composition of
a cell
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Deals with the study of matter and energy and
all the changes in undergoes
PHYSICS – interaction of matter and energy
CHEMISTRY – composition of matter
ASTRONOMY – heavenly bodies
EARTH SCIENCE
GEOSCIENCE
Study of earth and its neighbors
GEOLOGY – history and structure of the earth
PALEONTOLOGY – pre historic life through
fossils
OCEANOGRAPHY – physical, chemical and
biological composition of ocean (water)
METEOROLOGY – weather and climate
PETROLOGY – rocks and soil
GRADE 7 SCIENCE
INTEGRATED SCIENCE
BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
MATHEMATICS is referred to as the language
of science since it is used to communicate the
results obtained in scientific work
ACTIVITY 2
Determine if the following describes SCIENCE -
S or SUPERSTITIONS - SS
1. Supported by scientific attitude
2. Counteracted by rituals
3. Applies scientific method
4. Inconsistent results
5. Careful studies
6. Based on hearsays
Answer
1. S
2. SS
3. S
4. SS
5. S
6. SS
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The sequence of steps followed by scientists to
differentiate truth from myth and superstition
or validate or refute speculations
Systematic and orderly approach to gathering
data and solving problems
Activity 3
CHALLENGE
Think of an activity you did applying scientific
method
Share it to the group after 5 minutes
Presentation (Individual)
Do you think you applied scientific method in
that activity? Why?
Steps
1.Observation to identify a problem
2. Research to gather data about the problem
3. Formulating a hypothesis – a tentative answer
to the problem; wise guess
4. Experimentation to test the hypothesis
5. recording and analyzing data from
experimentation
6. Drawing of conclusions
Activity 4
Sequencing
A. Which bar soap is most effective in
removing stains
B. Go to the department store and look for the
different brands of bar soap
C. Soak 5 shirts in a mud. Wash the 5 shirt
using 5 different brand of bar soap
Activity 4
Sequencing
D. Recording observations using 5 different
brands of bar soap.
E. Tide bar is the most effective bar soap in
removing stains
F. Ariel is the most effective bar soap in
removing stains after using 5 different brands
of soap in removing mud stains on clothes
ANSWER
A 1
B 2
C 4
D 5
E 3
F 6
Wisdom begins in wonder.
~ Socrates
What is the Scientific Method?
Step-by-step way in which scientists answer
questions.
1. Ask a question.
2. Research the topic.
3. Form a hypothesis.
4. Test the Hypothesis. (Experimentation)
6. Analyze Results.
7. Draw Conclusions.
8. Communicate Results.
What is a hypothesis?
A prediction of what might be discovered in an
experiment.
“Educated Guess”
“If… then…will…because” Statement
How do you test a hypothesis?
Experiment…
Develop a test or experiment to prove or
disprove your hypothesis
Must be run multiple times
Must have only 1 independent variable (the factor
being tested
Must include 2 setups
Experimental setup
Control setup
How can you gather data?
Make Observations.
Any use of the senses to gather information.
Qualitative Observations
Anything that you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear.
Ex. Blue, bitter, fizzing sound.
Quantitative Observations
Any observation that can be measured.
Must include a number.
Ex. 5 centimeters long
How can you analyze results to
determine patterns?
Record Data
Write observations and measurements
Be consistent when you are checking your
experiments and recording the results
Create tables or charts (Data Tables and Pie
Charts)
Create graphs from collected Data (Line
Graphs, Bar Graphs)
Complete all necessary mathematical
calculations
How can you draw conclusions?
The summary of an experiment, based on the data.
Answer the following questions in paragraph
form (Always explain in detail using scientific
vocabulary.):
Do your results/data support your hypothesis?
Why or why not? (Accept or reject your
hypothesis)
What are ways you can improve your data?
What would you do differently if you were to
repeat the experiment?
How would you communicate
results?
Share data and information with others, such
as scientists.
Publish your findings in a book, magazine,
journal, the internet.
What is the difference between a
scientific theory and a scientific law?
Theory
Law
A summary
An explanation
of many
that ties
experimental
together many
results
hypotheses
and
and observations.
observations.
Tells
Supported
how things
by repeated
work trials.
Only
May help
tells with
whatfurther
happens,predictions.
it does not explain why.
Tells why it happens.
