BENGAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

• Name- ARIJIT GHOSH

• Roll No.- 12100221042
• Stream- Information Technology
• Semester- 6th SEM (3rd Year)
• Paper Name- Image Processing
• Paper Code- PEC-IT601 D
 FUNDAMENTAL STEPS IN IMAGE
PROCESSING
What Is Image Processing?
mage proc essing is the process of
transforming an image into a digital
form and performing c ert ain
operations t o get some usef ul
information from it. The image
processing sy stem usually treats all
images as 2D signals when applying
certain predetermined signal
processing methods.
• Image Acquisition:
• Definition : Refers to the proces s of capturing visual dat a
from the real world using devices such as cameras,
scanners, or sensors.
• Capture Device s: Various devices, including digit al cameras,
satellites, and medic al imaging
equipment, are employed to
collect images in different domains.
3. Resoluti on and Qualit y: The
quality and res olut ion of t he acquired
image depend on the capabilities of
the capture device, impact ing t he
clarity and detail of t he digital
representation.
 • Image Enhancement:
• Definiti on: I t is amongst t he s imples t and most appealing in
areas of I mage Proces sing. It is als o used t o ext ract some
hidden details from an image and is subject ive.
• Process: This process aims t o
emphasiz e certain feat ures
or reduce noise, leading to
an enhanc ed and more
informativ e representat ion
of the original image.
3. Example: Common
enhancement met hods
include cont rast s tretching,
histogram equalizat ion, and spat ial filtering.
 • Image Restoration:
• Definiti on: I t als o deals with appealing of an image but it is
objective(Restoration is bas ed on mat hemat ical or
probabilistic model or image degradation).
• Process: This process
aims to rec over the original,
undistorted information and
improve t he ov erall qualit y
of the image.
3. Techniques: Restorat ion
techniques include deblurring and denois ing met hods, which
address issues suc h as blurriness or nois e introduced during
image capture or processing.
 • Image Segmentation:
• Definiti on: I t inc ludes part itioning an image into it s const ituent
parts or objects. Aut onomous segmentat ion is the mos t
difficult task in Image Processing.
• Process: The goal is t o s implif y the
representat ion of an image f or easier
analysis and understanding.
3. Techni ques: Common segmentat ion
methods inc lude thresholding,
region-based segmentat ion, and edge
detection, enabling the ident ificat ion
and extraction of specific st ruct ures or
objects within an image.
• Feature Extraction:
• Definiti on: Feature ex trac tion in digital image processing
refers to the process of identify ing and ex trac ting relev ant
informat ion or charact erist ic s f rom an image. These feat ures
could include edges, text ures , shapes, or ot her patt erns that
are essential for subs equent analys is or rec ognit ion tas ks.
• Techniques: Tec hniques such as edge det ect ion, t ext ure
analysis, and corner
detection are c ommonly
used for extrac ting
distinct ive features from
images.
• Image Recognition:
• Definition: I t is a proces s t hat ass igns a label t o an object
based on its desc riptor. I t inv olves t he application of
algorithms and techniques t o enable a computer sy stem to
identify and cat egoriz e
objects or pat terns within an image.
• Process: This process t ypically
leverages previously extract ed f eatures t o
classif y and recognize objec ts based on
learned pat t erns from training dat a.
• Application : It includes facial recognit ion, object
detection, and automated syst ems in fields like c omput er
vision and art if icial int elligence.
• Image Compression:
• Definition: I mage compression in digital image processing is
the reduc tion of the size of an image file while preserv ing
essential visual informat ion. I t involves
in developing some f unct ions t o
perform t his operation. I t mainly deals
with image s ize or resolut ion.
• Process: This process is crucial f or
efficient s torage and trans mission of
images, particularly in applicat ions
wit h limited bandwidt h or st orage.
• Techniques: It includes loss les s methods , which
retain all original data, and lossy met hods, which ac hieve
higher c ompres sion rat ios by sac rificing s ome details .
• Morphological Processing:
• Definition: It deals wit h tools for ext ract ing image components
that are useful in the repres entat ion & des cription of shape and
form.
• Techni que s: This
technique uses mat hemat ica
operations like dilat ion,
erosion, and opening/
closing t o
modify or ex tract
specif ic f eatures in binary
or grayscale images.
• Uses: It is partic ularly usef ul f or t asks s uch as image
segmentation, noise reduct ion, and s hape analysis in various
applications, including comput er vision and pat t ern recognition.
• Future Trends:
• Deep Learning in Image Pro cessin g: The int egrat ion of deep
neural net works enables aut omat ic f eat ure learning, enhancing
image classificat ion, object det ect ion, and segmentat ion wit h
unprecedent ed ac curacy.
• Artifici al Intell igenc e (AI) i n
Image Proc essi ng: AI-driv en
techniques , such as generative
models and reinf orcement
learning, are
revolut ionizing
image interpret ation, enabling
machines to underst and

complex visual c ontext s and make more informed decisions in

 CONCLUSION
Importance of Image Processing:
• Medicine: Diagnostic Precision and Treatment Planning
• Remote Sensing: Environmental Monitoring and Agricultural Insights
• Computer Vision: Object Recognition and Automation and Robotics
• Interdisciplinary Synergies: Medicine and Computer Vision, Remote
Sensing and Agriculture and Medicine and Remote Sensing
• Research and Decision-Making: Scientific Research and Enhanced
Decision-Making
THANK
YOU!