21st CENTURY

LITERATURE
HILIGAYNON
LITERATURE
 MARIEL GALLARDO

Group 4 LEADER

LOVELY AIRISH CANCINO RENALYN DELOS SANTOS MARK ANGELO

LAVARIAS
MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER
Objectives:
a. To explore the characteristics of Hiligaynon Literature
and to understand its significance in Filipino Culture.
b. To familiarize the well-known Hiligaynon Writers and
importance of their role in this literature and;
c. To master the characteristics of Hiligaynon Literature.
Short Commercial
Background
Hiligaynon is the lingua franca of the West Visayas in
Central Philippines. Politically labeled Region 6, West
Visayas is composed of the provinces of Iloilo, Capiz,
Antique and Aklan on the Island of Panay, Negros
Oriental, the western half of the island of Negros and
the new island-province of Guimaras which used to be
as sub-province of Iloilo.
Background
The mother language of West Visayas is Kinaray-a or Hiraya, the language
spoken by the central and southern towns of Iloilo, all the province of
Antique and most of Capiz. Hiligaynon is spoken in Iloilo City in all the
coastal towns north of Iloilo City, in all of Guimaras, in most of Roxas City
in Capiz, and in Bacolod City and most of the towns of Negros Occidental.
The language is also spoken in South Cotabato, in Mindanao, where many
West Visayans have migrated. The northern towns of Negros Occidental
speak Cebuano or Sugbuanon, the lingua franca of Central Visayas. The
province of Aklan speaks Aklanon which, like Hiligaynon, developed from
Kinaray-a.
Background
Though distinctly different from Hiligaynon, Kinaray-a and Aklanon are
conveniently considered by many linguists and literary researchers as
subsumed in the lingua franca. Current writers in Kinaray-a and Aklanon
have shown that it is not so.
Origin: Hiligaynon, also known as Ilonggo, is derived from the Austronesian
language family. It has been influenced by various languages due to
historical interactions with different cultures, including Spanish and English.
Literary Tradition: Hiligaynon has a vibrant literary tradition that includes
both oral and written forms. It encompasses various genres like poetry, short
stories, essays, and novels.
Background
The paktakon is a riddle while the hurubaton is a proverb. Both
are usually in two lines and rhymed.

Ritual chants are delivered by the babaylan or healer to please

the diwata or supernatural beings or spirits in exchange for good
health and luck in the home and the fields during planting and
harvest seasons.
 Paktakon
Hiligaynon: Tagalog:
1. Ang dagat gin putos sang langit Ang dagat binalot ng langit
Ang langit gin putos sang tul-an Ang langit binalot ng buto
Ang tul-an gin putos sang bulbol Ang buto binalot ng balahibo
Ang bulbol gin putos sang panit Ang balahibo binalot ng balat

Lubi/Niyog
 Paktakon
Hiligaynon:
2. Ako my isa ka amigo
Tagalog:
upod ko bisan diin ako makadto
Ako'y my isang kaibigan
Kasama ko kahit saan ako pumunta

Landong/Anino
Hurubaton
HILIGAYNON
1. Ang taong may kasaypanan
Iya kalas, iya dalagan

ENGLISH
A guilty person may fear
His own shadow
Hurubaton
HILIGAYNON HILIGAYNON
2. Karon imo pa 3. Ang tao nga wala sing pilak
Daw pispis nga wala sing pakpak
Buas akon na
ENGLISH
ENGLISH People without money
Today is yours Seem birds without wings
Tomorrow is mine
Folksong
Hala Bira, Iloilo! by: Dante Beriong
Hala Bira is an aklanon language meaning,
"pour/dispense all means". This term is also used
during ati-atihan festival that most spectators are
shouting on the street during the celebration.
Folksong
Hala Bira, Iloilo! by: Dante Beriong
Folksong
Hala Bira, Iloilo! by: Dante Beriong
Sadtong nahauna nga istorya kag panahon
Nakilala ka sa ngalan nga Irong-irong
Puno sang manggad kag sang katahum
Sa idalum ni Datu Paiburong.

Ipabugal ko ang imo ngalan

Ipabugal ko ang mga binuhatan
Sang imong ginikanan kag imong kabataan
Gabuligay pakadto sa kauswagan.
Hala Bira, Iloilo! by: Dante Beriong
Chorus

Hala Bira ILOILO! Sulong sa pagbag-o!

Hala Bira ILOILO! Matahum nga banwa ko!
Hala Bira ILOILO! Ipabugal ang ngalan mo!
Sa tanan nga panahon ikaw ang palanggaon!

Sa paglakat sang malawig nga tinion

Nakilala ka sa madamong bulohaton
Ang imo nga DINAGYANG kag imo nga
KASADYAHAN
Padayon nga ginapasidungga n!
Hala Bira, Iloilo! by: Dante Beriong
Himuon ko ang tanan nga masarangan
Isinggit ko sa bilog nga kalibutan
Kita mga ILONGGO tunay nga PILIPINO
Mapisan kag dungganon nga mga tawo!

REPEAT CHORUS 2x

Hala Bira ILOILO! Negosyo kag probinsya!

Hala Bira ILOILO! Napun-an ka sang kasadya!
Hala Bira ILOILO! Itib-ong ang kalinungan!
Hala Bira ILOILO! Padayon sa
kauswagan!
Hala Bira, Iloilo! by: Dante Beriong

REPEAT CHORUS 2x

Hala Bira ILOILO! VIVA SENYOR SANTO NINO!

Hala DAGYANG ILOILO! VIVA SENYOR SANTO
NINO!
Hala DAGYANG ILOILO! VIVA SENYOR SANTO
NINO!
HALA BIRA ILOILO!
Writers
1) Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro y Nacionales
was born on October 15, 1850. He was the
eldest son of Captain Bartolome Monteclaro y
Tupaz and Ramona Nacionales y Orbe. He had
three brothers: Ciriaco, Serafin, and Jose. Pedro
received his early training and education from
his parents who were devout Roman Catholics.
Writers
The Maragtas is a work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro
titled (in English translation) History of Panay from the
first inhabitants and the Bornean immigrants, from
which they descended, to the arrival of the Spaniards.
The work is in mixed Hiligaynon and Kinaray-a
languages in Iloilo in 1907.
Writers
2) Magdalena Gonzaga Jalandoni (May 27,
1891, in Jaro, Iloilo – September 14, 1978,
in Jaro) was a Filipino novelist, playwright,
short story writer, poet, sculptor and
painter. She is now remembered as one of
the most prolific Filipino writers in the
Hiligaynon language. Hailing from Western
Visayas, her works are said to have left
permanent and significant milestones in
Philippine literature
Writers
She died on September 14, 1978, at the age of 87 and is survived
by a few nieces as well as several other close relatives. Despite
all this, she still remains relatively unknown up to this day. Her
family’s ancestral house still stands as a historical landmark and
museum not far from the cathedral of Jaro. A street at the
Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex in Pasay, Metro
Manila is named in her honor.
 Text 1: The Maragtas
a) VOCABULARY WORDS
1. Cruel- extremely unkind and unpleasant and causing pain to people or animals
intentionally
2. Seize- to take something quickly and keep or hold it.
3. Prosper- to be successful or fortunate, esp. in financial respects; thrive; flourish.
4. Possess- to possess something is to have or own it. You can possess a physical
object, you can possess a particular quality or skill, or you can possess control or
influence over someone
5. Companion- someone who you spend time with or who you are traveling with.
Text 1: The Maragtas
a) VOCABULARY
WORDS
6. Prosperous- having or characterized by financial success or good
fortune; flourishing; successful.
7. Polite-having or showing behavior that is respectful and considerate
of other people.
8. Incense- deepen our attention and empower our spiritual focus
9. Assistant- a person who helps in particular work.
10. Instructed- direct or command someone to do something, especially
as an official order
 Text 1: The Maragtas
b)
CHARACTERS
• The ten Bornean Datus;

• Datu Puti • Datu Pulpolan – father of Datu Marikudo

• Datu Sumakwel • Datu Marikudo – leader of Panay
• Datu Bangkaya
• Maniwantiwan – wife of Datu Marikudo
• Datu Paiburong
• Datu Makatunaw – stict leader of ng Borneo
• Datu Paduhinogan
•
• Kapinangan – wife of Datu Sumakwel
Datu Domongsol
• Datu Lubay • Gurung-gurung – right hand of Datu Sumakwel
• Datu Dumangsil • Alayon – second wife of Datu Sumakwel
• Datu Domalogalog
• Datu Balensuela
 Text 1: The Maragtas
c) SETTING
Panay – an island belonging to Western Visayas (Region VI ) in central
Philippines. It is devided into 4 provinces namely Aklan, Antique, Capiz and
Iloilo.
 Text 1: The Maragtas
d) PLOT
The Maragtas Legend tells the history of Iloilo way back in the 13th century, when Datu Puti
and his fellow Datus, together with their families, warriors and slaves fled from the tyranny
of Sultan Makatunao of Borneo and landed at the mouth of the Sirawag River, now known
as the town of San Joaquin and eventually settled there. At that time, people called the
“Atis” who were ruled by King Marikudo and Queen Maniwangtiwang, inhabited Panay.
King Marikudo bartered the lowlands of Panay Island for a golden hat, “saduk”, and a long
gold necklace, “manangyad”, and other assorted gifts to the Bornean Datus. The latter then
took complete control of the island with the “Atis” retiring to the mountains. It was Datu
Paiburong who was assigned in Irong-Irong (shaped like a nose), which was later known as
Iloilo.
 Text 1: The Maragtas
e) THEME
The stories known as the Maragtas are legends that may or may not be based
on actual events in the remote past. They are about the ten datus or chiefs who
escaped the tyranny of Datu Makatunaw of Borneo and immigrated to the
island of Panay.
Text 1: The Maragtas
f) POV

Third Person Point of View

 Text 2: Juanita Cruz
a) VOCABULARY WORDS

1. Prominent- important ; famous.

2. Palantial- resembling a palace in being spacious and splendid.
3. Exuded- send out, as sweat; emit through pores or small openings.
4. Showered- to give someone a lot of presents or praise.
5. Brilliant- extremely clever or skilful.
 Text 2: Juanita Cruz
a) VOCABULARY WORDS
6. Vices- immoral or wicked behavior.
7. Privileged- having special rights, advantages, or immunities.
8. Percepted- a concept that depends on recognition by the senses, such as
sight, of some external object or phenomenon.
9. Consponsor- a person or company that supports a person, organization,
or activity by providing money, together with one or more others.
10. Crude- constructed in a rudimentary or makeshift way.
 Text 2: Juanita Cruz
b) CHARACTERS

• Juanita “Nita” Cruz – daughter of Don Macario and Doña Beatriz.

• Lina- friend of Nita, came from poor family.
• Elias- brother of Lina, lover of Nita.
 Text 2: Juanita Cruz
c) SETTING

Salog- also known as Jaro, province of Iloilo.

 Text 2: Juanita Cruz
d) PLOT
Juanita Cruz, also known as Nita, is the only daughter of Don Macario and Doña Beatriz, one of the
most affluent families from the town of Salog (now known as Jaro) in the province of Iloilo. Her
friendship with Lina, a daughter of a poor family, opens her eyes to see the disparity between the rich
and the poor. As a child, the early demise of Lina gives Nita her first heartache.

Nita is sheltered and pampered as she grows. She is considered the binukot, the untouched princess, of
her rich and powerful family. Her fate starts to change when she meets the already fine man named
Elias, the only brother of her friend Lina. Since Elias’ family belongs to a lower social status, Nita’s
parents and brothers, Edgar and Chito, are against their relationship.
 Text 2: Juanita Cruz
d) PLOT
The day before Elias leaves the country to study in Spain under a scholarship grant, the lovers secretly
meet in a garden. Unfortunately, they are caught by Don Macario and Dona Beatriz. Soon, Nita’s
position in her family is replaced by her cousin Mila. Later on, Nita can no longer bear her sufferings,
so decides to leave their house and finds herself challenged by the waves of fate that would have
drowned her in uncharted depths of the ocean.

Nita embarks on a journey in pursuit of her passions in life. She remains single until she finally met
Elias, the man of her dreams, again. The love story of Nita and Elias ends with the death of Elias as
one of the high-ranking officers of the revolutionary army against the Spanish colonizers.
 Text 2: Juanita Cruz
e) THEME
It is in Juanita Cruz, her most mature novel, that Magdalena G. Jalandoni professed her beliefs
about life, nationalism, and humanism. She recognized the power of love that love with faith,
loyalty, and hope can create freedom that can change life in society and in a country.
Text 2: Juanita Cruz
f) POV

First Person Point of View

Summary
• Hiligaynon is the lingua franca of the West Visayas in Central Philippines.
• Politically labeled Region 6, West Visayas is composed of the provinces of
Iloilo, Capiz, Antique and Aklan on the island of Panay; Negros Occidental,
the western half of the island of Negros; and the new island-province of
Guimaras which used to be a sub-province of Iloilo.
• The mother language of West Visayas Is Kinaray-a or Hiraya, the language
spoken by the central and southern towns of Iloilo, all of the province of
Antique and most of Capiz.
 Summary
• Hiligaynon is spoken in Iloilo City in all the coastal towns north of Iloilo City, in all
of Guimaras, in most of Roxas City in Capiz, and in Bacolod City and most of the
towns of Negros Occidental.
• The northern towns of Negros Occidental speak Cebuano or Sugbuanon, the lingua
francaof Central Visayas.
• The province of Aklan speaks Aklanon which, like Hiligaynon, developed from
Kinaray-a.
• Folk literature ranges from brief riddles, proverbs, ditties, ritual chants to elaborate
love songs, tales and extensive epics.
 Quiz
Direction. Read the questions carefully and answer the following questions in your paper. Write
the letter of the correct answer.

1.Western Visayas in Central Philippines politically labeled as Region 6. It is composed of

provinces like Iloilo, Capiz, Antique and Aklan on the island of Panay and many more. What is
the dialect or the lingua franca of Western Visayas people?

a. Ilonggo c. Hiligaynon
b. Tagalog d. Ilokano
 Quiz
2.What is the mother language of Western Visayas spoken by the central and
southern towns of Iloilo?

a. Hiligaynon c. Aklanon
b. Ilonggo d. Kinaray-a or Hiraya
 Quiz
3. The origin of Hiligaynon also known as Ilonggo, is derived from the
Austronesian language family. It has been influenced by various language due
to historical interactions with different culture including what language?

a. Roman and English c. Italian and English

b. Spanish and English d. Chinese and English
 Quiz
4. It is a riddle while the hurubaton is proverb. Both are usually in two lines and
rhymed. What is it?

a. hurubaton c. taktakon
b. paktakon d. ili-ili
 Quiz
5. Ritual chants are delivered to please the diwata or supernatural beings or
spirits in exchange for good health and luck in the home and the fields during
planting and harvest season. Who is the person whom delivered those chants?

a. The Ilonggo People

b. Everyone who knows the chants.
c. The Babaylan or Healers
d. Only the leaders
 Quiz
6. Hiligaynon has a vibrant literary tradition that that includes both oral and
written forms. It encompasses various genres like?

a. poetry and essays

b. short stories
c. novels
d. all of the above
 Quiz
7. Hala Bira, Iloilo is one of the folk song of Hiligaynon people. In the last line
of chorus, what is the meaning of ‘ Mapisan kag dungganon ng mga tao’?

a. Masipag at marangal na tao

b. Matapang at mapagmahal ng tao
c. Masipag at mapagmahal na tao
d. Magiting at marangal na tao
Quiz
8. What is the meaning of the word Hala Bira?

a.pour/dispense all people

b.pour/dispense all spirit
c.pour/dispense all means
d.pour/dispense all things
Quiz
9. Who is the author of Maragtas?

a.Pedro Silang c. Pedro Diaz

b.Pedro Gonzaga. d. Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro
Quiz
10.What is the meaning of maragtas in English translation?

a.History of Panay. c. History of Ilonggo

b.History of Aklan. d. History of Iloilo
 Quiz
11. Who is the author of Juanita Cruz?

a. Magdalena Cruz. c. Magdalena Vega

b. Magdalena Gonzaga Jalandoni. d. Magdalena Guzman
 Quiz
12. Magdalena’s works are said to have left a permanent and significant
milestones in Philippine literature, what are the examples of her works?

a.Novel and Short story. c. Painting and Sculpture

b.Poet d. All of the above
 Quiz
13. How many chapters does Maragtas have?

a.Four chapter. c. two chapters

b.Nine chapter d. six chapter
Quiz
14. Who was the leader of the 10 datu?

a.Datu sumakwel. c. Datu Puti

b.Datu Lubay d. Datu Marikudo
 Quiz
15. Where was the landing spot of the 10 Bornean Datus who
had escaped along with their families from the rule of their
Sultan Makatunaw of Borneo?

a.Panay Island. c. Barter of panay

b.Palawan. d. Iloilo
 Quiz
16. The code of kalantiaw is said to be a mythical authentic code
in the acclaimed epic story of?

a.Mayon. c. Juanita Cruz

b.Magayon. d. Maragtas
 Quiz
17. The most mature novel of Jalandoni according to Lucila
Hosillos

a.In the heat of war. c. The past of panay

b.Juanita Cruz d. Anabella
 Quiz
18. Who is the daughter of Don Macario and Doña Beatriz?

a.Lina. c. Nita
b.Elias. d. Edgar
 Quiz
19. She studied in a school run by Sisters, and although she had
the features of a Spanish woman, she had the character of a true
Filipina who loved to stay at home.

a.Doña Victorina. c. Doña Beatriz de Asis

b.Doña Alerina. d. Doña Maria
 Quiz
20. was the nickname by which Father was
called by his closest friends.

a.Carding. b. Cayong. c. Cardo. d. Cedrick

 Key Answer
1.C 11. B
2. D 12. D
3. B 13. D
4. B 14. C
5. C 15. A
6. D 16. D
7. A 17. B
8. C 18. C
9. B 19. C
10. A 20. B