INTRODUCTION

TO
QUADRATIC
FUNCTIONS
 OBJECTIVE:

APPRECIATE THE
APPLICATION OF
QUADRATIC FUNCTION IN
REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS.
 QUADRATIC FUNCTION:

 These are functions that can be described by equations of the

form y = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a
≠ 0.
 The highest power of the independent variable is 2.
 Thus, the equation of the quadratic function is of degree 2.
 ACTIVITY 3: Identify Me!
State whether each of the following equations represents a quadratic
function or not. Justify your answer.

YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
 Activity 4: Compare Me!
Consider the given functions:
f(x) = 2x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x -1.

1. What kind of function is f(x)? g(x)?

2. Complete the following table of values using the indicated
function.

3. What are the differences between two adjacent x-values in

each table?
 Activity 4: Compare Me!
Consider the given functions:
f(x) = 2x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x -1.

4. Find the differences between each adjacent y- values in each

table, and write them on the blanks provided. What do you
observe?

5. How can you recognize a quadratic function when a table of

values is given?
 Activity 4: Compare Me!
Consider the given functions:
f(x) = 2x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x -1.

6. Using the table of values, graph the two functions and

compare the results.
7. Compare the graph of linear function and quadratic function.
 Activity 4: Compare Me!
Consider the given functions:
f(x) = 2x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x -1.
1. What kind of function is f(x)? g(x)?
f(x) = 2x + 1 is a linear function and g(x) = x 2 + 2x – 1 is a
quadratic function.
2. Complete the following table of values using the indicated function.

-5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7 2 -1 -2 -1 2 7 14
 Activity 4: Compare Me!
Consider the given functions:
f(x) = 2x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x -1.
3. What are the differences between two adjacent x-values in each
table?
The differences between two adjacent x-values in
each table are all equal to 1.
 Activity 4: Compare Me!
Consider the given functions:
f(x) = 2x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x -1.

4. Find the differences between each adjacent y- values in each

table, and write them on the blanks provided. What do you
observe?
 Activity 4: Compare Me!
Consider the given functions:
f(x) = 2x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x -1.
5. How can you recognize a quadratic function when a table of values
is given?
In quadratic function, equal differences in x do not lead
to equal first differences in y; instead the second
differences in y are equal.
6. Using the table of values, graph the two functions and compare the
results.
 Activity 4: Compare Me!
Consider the given functions:
f(x) = 2x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x -1.
7. Compare the graph of linear function and quadratic function.
The graph of a linear function is a straight line while the graph
of a quadratic function is a smooth curve called parabola.
State whether each of the following equations represents a
quadratic function or not. Justify your answer.
 Consider the given functions f(x) = 3x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x - 4

1. Complete the ff. table of values using the indicated function.

f(x) = 3x + 1

-8 -5 -2 1 4 7 10

g(x) = x2 + 2x - 4

-1 -4 -5 -4 -1 4 11
 Consider the given functions f(x) = 3x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x - 4
2. Find the differences between adjacent y-values in each table,
and write them on the blank provided.
f(x) = 3x + 1

-8 -5 -2 1 4 7 10

3 3 3 3 3 3
Consider the given functions f(x) = 3x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x - 4

g(x) = x2 + 2x - 4

-1 -4 -5 -4 -1 4 11

-3 -1 1 3 5 7

2 2 2 2 2
 Consider the given functions f(x) = 3x + 1 and
g(x) = x2 + 2x - 4

3. Using the table of values, graph the two functions.

4. Compare the graph of the linear function and quadratic function.

The graph of a linear function is a straight line while the graph of

a quadratic function is a smooth curve.
 WHAT IS A QUADRATIC FUNCTION?
 A quadratic function is defined by the equation
y = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a
≠ 0.
EVALUATION: Determine which table shows a quadratic
function or a linear function.
EVALUATION: Determine which table shows a quadratic
function or a linear function.
EVALUATION: Determine which table shows a quadratic
function or a linear function.
EVALUATION: Determine which table shows a quadratic
function or a linear function.

LINEAR FUNCTION

LINEAR FUNCTION
EVALUATION: Determine which table shows a quadratic
function or a linear function.

QUADRATIC FUNCTION

QUADRATIC FUNCTION
EVALUATION: Determine which table shows a quadratic
function or a linear function.

LINEAR FUNCTION
 Objective:

Transforms the quadratic function

defined by
y = ax + bx + c into the form
2

y = a(x – h)2 + k
 Express each square of binomial to perfect
square trinomial or vice versa.

1. (x + 2)2 =
__________________
2. (y + 5)2 =
__________________
3. (z - 3)2 =
__________________
 Deriving the standard form from the general
form of the quadratic function:

General form: Standard form:

y = ax2 + bx + c y = a(x – h)2 + k
 Deriving the standard form from the general
form of the quadratic function:

Given y = ax2 + bx + c
Group together the terms
y = (ax2 + bx) + c
containing x

Factor out a
Complete the expression in the parenthesis to make
it a perfect square trinomial by adding () 2 and
subtracting a()2
 Deriving the standard form from the general
form of the quadratic function:

Simplify and express the perfect

square trinomial as square of
binomial.

Thus

Hence,
the standard form is y = a(x – h)2 + k
 Example 1: Express y = x2 - 2x - 10 in the
form y = a(x – h)2 + k form and give the
values of h and k.

Given y = x2 - 2x - 10
Group together the terms
y = (x2 - 2x) - 10
containing x

Factor out a. Here, a = 1 y = (x2 - 2x) - 10

Complete the expression in the

parenthesis to make it a perfect y = (x2 - 2x + 1) – 10 - 1
square trinomial
 Example 1: Express y = x2 - 2x - 10 in the
form y = a(x – h)2 + k form and give the
values of h and k.
Simplify and express the perfect
square trinomial as square of y = (x - 1)2 – 11
binomial.
From the standard form y = a(x – h)2 + k

Hence h = 1 and k = -11

 Example 2: Express y = 3x2 + 4x + 2 in the
form y = a(x – h)2 + k form and give the
values of h and k.

Given y = 3x2 + 4x + 2
Group together the terms
y = (3x2 + 4x) + 2
containing x

Factor out a. Here, a = 3 y = 3x) + 2

Complete the expression in the

parenthesis to make it a perfect
square trinomial
 Example 2: Express y = 3x2 + 4x + 2 in the
form y = a(x – h)2 + k form and give the
values of h and k.
Simplify and express the perfect
square trinomial as square of
binomial.

From the standard form y = a(x – h)2 + k

Hence h = and k =
 Example 3: Rewrite the equation f(x) = 3(x – 4)2 + 4 in the
general form y = ax2 + bx + c and give the values of a, b and
c.
Expand (x – 4)2 f(x) = 3(x – 4)2 + 4
Multiply the perfect square f(x) = 3(x2 – 8x + 16) + 4
trinomial by 3
Simplify and add 4 f(x) = 3x2 – 24x + 48 + 4

The general form f(x) = 3x2 – 24x + 52

Hence a = 3; b = -24; c = 52
 EXERCISES: WORK IN PAIRS
A. Transform f(x) = 2x2 – 4x + 1 into the form
y = a(x - h)2 + k by following the steps below.
 EXERCISES: WORK IN PAIRS
A. Transform f(x) = 2x2 – 4x + 1 into the form
y = a(x - h)2 + k by following the steps below.

2 4

2
1

1 1

1
-1
 EXERCISES: WORK IN PAIRS
B. Rewrite y = 5(m – 1)2 + 4 in the form
y = ax2 + bx + c by following the given steps.
 EXERCISES: WORK IN PAIRS
B. Rewrite y = 5(m – 1)2 + 4 in the form
y = ax2 + bx + c by following the given steps.

2 1
4

9
 Answer the following:

1. What are the steps in transforming general form y =

ax2 + bx + c to standard or vertex form y = a(x - h)2 + k?
2. What are the steps in transforming standard or vertex
form to general form?
Important Things to Remember:
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