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Drought +production Instability

Drought is defined as a prolonged period without rainfall that causes severe water imbalance. Droughts in India have historically led to famines that caused millions of deaths. Droughts can be classified based on duration, intensity, and other factors. Drought affects crop production by reducing photosynthesis, impacting plant hormones and nutrition, and decreasing growth and reproduction. The impacts of drought on crop yields and agricultural productivity can include water scarcity, crop yield reduction, effects on livestock and fisheries, economic consequences, reduced food security, and adverse environmental effects. Mitigation requires water conservation, sustainable farming, and addressing climate change.

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16 views26 pages

Drought +production Instability

Drought is defined as a prolonged period without rainfall that causes severe water imbalance. Droughts in India have historically led to famines that caused millions of deaths. Droughts can be classified based on duration, intensity, and other factors. Drought affects crop production by reducing photosynthesis, impacting plant hormones and nutrition, and decreasing growth and reproduction. The impacts of drought on crop yields and agricultural productivity can include water scarcity, crop yield reduction, effects on livestock and fisheries, economic consequences, reduced food security, and adverse environmental effects. Mitigation requires water conservation, sustainable farming, and addressing climate change.

Uploaded by

Lav Vicky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DROUGHT AND

PRODUCTION INSTABILITY
Definition of drought

 drought - Prolonged period without rainfall.

 American Meteorological Society defined


drought as a
 period of abnormally dry weather sufficiently
prolonged for lack of water to cause a severe
hydrological imbalance in the area affected.
 Drought in India -----millions of deaths over
the course of the 18th, 19th, and 20th
centuries.
 In the past –droughts to major Indian
famines

Bengal 1876–1877
1899 famine
famine 1770 famine

one third of the


population in five million over 4.5 million
affected areas people died died
died
Classification of drought:
Desert
climate
Permanent
Irrigate-entire cropping
season

Plant –such a way –


Rainy /Dry
Seasonal seasons
growing season
falls-rainy season
DURATION
Abnormal
Irregular,affects
Contingent failure of
only small area
rainfall

Invisible Occurs even Inadequate rainfall-


in frequent water deficiency in
Drought rainy area soil-less yield
RELEVANCE TO
THE USERS

Meteorological Atmospheric Hydrological Agricultural/Soil


drought drought drought Drought

for Plant show


wilt depletion Soil
Annual prolonge Low air moisture
d period humidity symptoms of surface
precipita when Prolonged water and stress-
tion-less (month Occurs transpirati MD--HD consequent imbalance
than ,season/ even on exceeds drying of b/w soil
normal under absorption reservoirs, moisture
yr) adequat and
Revive tanks
e soil evapotrans
once T=A piration of
moisture
crop
Time of Occurence

 Early season drought -due to delay in onset of


monsoon after early sowing

 Mid season drought- due to long gaps


between two successive rains ---stored
moisture becoming insufficient

 Late season drought- due to early cessation of


rainfall ----crop water stress at maturity stage.
Effect of drought on crop production

 Photosynthesis-Photosynthesis
reduced----------reduction in Photosynthetic
rate, chlorophyll content, leaf area
Hormonal Relationships: growth promoting
hormones like cytokinin, gibberlic acid and
indole acetic acid decreases and growth
inhibiting hormone like abscisic acid,
ethylene, etc., increases.
Nutrition: The fixation, uptake and assimilation of
nitrogen is affected which reduce the uptake of NPK
Growth and Development: Decrease in growth of
leaves, stems and fruits.
 Reproduction and grain growth-Drought at
flowering and grain development determines the
number of fruits and individual grain weight
 Drought at grain development reduces yield while
vegetative and grain filling stages are less sensitive to
moisture stress.
Drought and production instability

The impact of drought on crop yields is


multifaceted----- affecting
soil moisture levels,
plant growth
overall agricultural productivity.
 Water scarcity
 Crop Yield Reduction
 Livestock and Fisheries-availability of water
sources -animals –reduced- grazing areas-
cannot maintain healthy livestock population
 Reduced water levels-lakes,rivers-affects fish
habitat/breeding
 Economic Consequences-financial loses-low crop
yields----income disparities-rural community
 Food Security-less availability of staple crops
 Adverse Environmental Effects:soil erosion
and desertification
Mitigation strategies involve a combination of
water conservation, sustainable farming
practices, and proactive measures to address
the impacts of climate change on global
weather patterns.

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