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02 Basic Control Systems

This document discusses the basic elements of control systems. It defines a control system as one that controls a variable to a particular value or range, controls the sequence of events, or controls whether an event occurs. The key elements of a closed loop control system are the comparison element, control element, correction element, process element, and measurement element. The comparison element compares a reference value to a measured value and produces an error signal. The control element decides the action based on this error signal. The correction element then makes adjustments to correct the process, which is the element being controlled. Feedback is provided through the measurement element, which detects the variable and feeds it back to the comparison element.

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36 views23 pages

02 Basic Control Systems

This document discusses the basic elements of control systems. It defines a control system as one that controls a variable to a particular value or range, controls the sequence of events, or controls whether an event occurs. The key elements of a closed loop control system are the comparison element, control element, correction element, process element, and measurement element. The comparison element compares a reference value to a measured value and produces an error signal. The control element decides the action based on this error signal. The correction element then makes adjustments to correct the process, which is the element being controlled. Feedback is provided through the measurement element, which detects the variable and feeds it back to the comparison element.

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Al-AMIN aj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

Control Engineering
ME 4401
2 Basic Elements of Control System
3 Examples
4 Control System

 It is a system that
 Control some variable to a particular value or range,
 Controls the sequence of events,
 Controls whether the event occurs or not.
5 Types of Control System

Open loop Closed loop


6 Open and Closed Loop Systems
7 Basic Elements of Closed Loop Systems

 Comparison element
 Error signal = reference value – measured value
 Control element
 Correction element
 Process element
 Measurement element
Comparison Element
This element compares the required of reference value of the variable condition
being controlled with the measured value of what is being achieved and produces an
error signal.
8
Error signal = reference value – measured value
This requires a feedback loop.
Control Element
This decides what action to take when it receives an error signal. It
may be, for example, a signal to operate a switch or open a valve.
9
Correction Element
It produces a change in the process to correct or change the controlled
condition.
10
The term actuator is used for the element of a correction unit that
provides the power to carry out the action.
Process Element
The process is what is being controlled. It could be a room in a house
with its temperature being controlled or a tank of water with its level
11 being maintained.
Measurement Element
The measurement element produces a signal related to the variable
condition of the process that is being controlled.
12
13
Measurement System
• Sensor
• Signal Conditioner
• Display unit
14 Measurement System

 Sensor
 A sensor is an element that responses to the quantity being measured by
giving us its output signal which is related to the quantity.
 Thermocouple
 Pressure sensor
 LDR (optical sensor)
15 Measurement

 Signal conditioner
 It takes the signal from the sensor and manipulates it into a condition which is
suitable for the display (or for the next element to use).
 Amplifier
 ADC
16 Measurement

 Display
 The output from the signal conditioner is displayed in the display unit.
 Monitor
 7 segment display
17 Example of Closed Loop Control System
18 Some Daily Life Examples
19 Examples Cont…
20
Sequential Controller
Sequential controllers are used when control
is such that the actions are strictly ordered in
a time or event driven sequence.
21
Problems
“We do not inherit the world from
our parents.
We borrow it from our children”
22
23
Thank You

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