Roof Construction

Week 12

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 Roof Terminology
 Span: the horizontal distance between the outside edges of
the top plate; does not include sheathing
 Rise: the vertical distance measured from the wall’s top plate
to the intersection to the pitch line and the center of the ridge
 Run: the horizontal distance between the outside edge of the
top plate and the center of the ridge; in most cases, half the
span

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 Roof Terminology
 Slope: a measurement of the incline of a roof; the ratio of rise
to run. It is by convention expressed using 12 as the standard
unit run. Sometimes a slope may be given as a ratio; for
example, 1:3, which is the same slope as 4:12.

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 Roof Terminology
 Unit rise: the number of inches of rise per foot of run
 Unit run by convention 12″ is the standard unit or run-in
imperial and 250 mm is the standard unit run for metric.
Sometimes 300 mm is also used.

4
 Roof calculations
 Consider an equal slope hip roof that spans 10’ and having the
slope of 8:12; calculate:
1. Total run
2. Unit point length of common rafters
3. Point length of common rafters
4. Unit point length of hip

5. point length of hip rafter

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 Roof calculations
 Consider an equal slope hip roof that spans 10’ and having the
slope of 8:12; calculate:
1. Total run Total run=span÷2 10 ÷ 2=5 Total run=5
2. 2- Unit point length of common rafters
B²= 8² + 12²
Unit line length =² + 12² = 14.42

3- Point length of common rafters

Unit line length x Total run
14.42 x 5 = 72.1”
72.1” ÷ 12= 6’
Common rafter=6’

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 Roof calculations
 Consider an equal slope hip roof that spans 10’ and having the
slope of 8:12; calculate:
4- Unit point length of hip

AC or Run of hip =² + 5² = 7.071’

Theoretical calculation for height of the roof:
Common rafter=6’
(BC’)² = (BC) ² +(CC’) ²
CC’= (BC’)² - (BC) ²
CC’ or rise of the roof = ² - ²= 3.31’
5- point length of hip rafter or AC’
(AC’)² = (AC) ² +(CC’) ²
AC’= 7.071’ ² + 3.31’ ² = 7.8’

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Roof Truss Members

8
Raised Hill Roof Truss

9
Full House Framing

10
 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

11. What size rafters and ceiling joists and what spacing
does the roof extension over the garage use?
a. 38 mm X 184mm SP.#2@600 OC
b. 38 mm X 140mm SP.#2@400 OC
c. 38 mm X 89mm SP.#2@400 OC
d. 38 mm X 235mm SP.#2@400 OC

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

12. What is the size and spacing of the ridge board over
the porch?
a. 38 mm X 89mm SP.#2
b. 38 mm X 140mm SP.#2
c. 38 mm X 184mm SP.#2
d. 19 mm X 140mm SP.#2

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

13. What size are the hip rafters for the roof over the
living room?
a. 38 mm X 89mm
b. 38 mm X 140mm
c. 38 mm X 184mm
d. 38 mm X 235mm

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

14. What type of roof is over the box window in the

dining room?
a. Gable
b. Hip
c. Gambrel
d. flat

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

15. How many girder trusses are indicated for the main
roof of the house?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

16. How many hip roof type dormers are indicated on

the drawings?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

17. What is the width of the walls for the dormers at the
front of the house?
a. 455
b. 910
c. 1060
d. 1210

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

18. How are girder trusses supported for the main house
roof?
a. By solid bearing on the second floor only
b. By solid bearing on the first and second floors
c. With single top plate with no solid bearing
d. By a double top plate with no solid bearing

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

19. Where on the drawings is a 20 to 12 roof slope

indicated?
a. The main roof
b. The gable roof at the rear
c. The front dormers
d. The box window in the dining room

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 1 Doncaster

20. What is the width of the roof for the dormers at the
front of the house, including projection?
a. 455
b. 910
c. 1060
d. 1210

910 + 150 +150=1210

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

1. What is the minimum slope required for the flat

residential roof shown over the front porch of
elevation B?
a. 0%
b. 2%
c. 3%
d. 15%

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

2. How many gables are shown on the front elevation

of Elevation A?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

3. How many gables are shown on the front elevation

of Elevation B?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

4. At what on center spacing are the roof trusses on the

second floor to be placed?
a. 12”
b. 16”
c. 19.2”
d. 24”

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

5. What is the size, species, and spacing of the roof

joists over the front porch of Elevation B?
a. 2” x 4” SP.#2 @12” OC
b. 2” x 6” SP.#2 @16” OC
c. 2” x 8” SP.#2 @16” OC
d. 2” x 10” SP.#2 @24” OC

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

6. Is there a skylight shown on one of the upper roof

slopes (second floor), and if so where?
a. There is no skylight indicated on the drawings.
b. There is a skylight indicated over the master bedroom.
c. There is a skylight indicated over bedroom 4.
d. There is a skylight indicated over the walk-in closet.

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

7. What is the size of the solid bearing support for the

Elevation B flat roof over the porch, as indicated in
plan view?
a. 6” x 6”
b. 8” x 8”
c. 10” x 10”
d. 12” x 12”

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

8. What is the projection of the roof over the mud

room entry?
a. 3”
b. 4”
c. 6”
d. 1’-0”

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

9. How many gables are shown on the drawings for

elevation A in total?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

10. How many sloping surfaces of roof in total are

indicated on the second floor for roof plan elevation
A?
a. 7
b. 10
c. 11
d. 12

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

11. What is the slope for the gable roof on front

elevation B?
a. 6 to 12
b. 9 to 12
c. 11 to 12
d. 12 to 12

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

12. How many columns are the roof over the front porch
supported on for front elevation B?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

13. What size and type of sheathing is specified for the

flat roof over the porch?
a. 3/8” OSB
b. 5/8” plywood
c. 3/8” plywood
d. ½” plywood

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

14. When and where is it noted that a 2”x4” cut roof

using conventional framing be required?
a. For the roof that overhangs the garage for Elevation A
b. For the roof that overhangs the garage for Elevation B
c. For the gable roof at the front of Elevation A
d. For the area over the gas fireplace in the great room for elevation A

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

15. How many sloping surfaces of roof in total are

indicated on the second floor for roof plan elevation
B?
a. 7
b. 10
c. 11
d. 12

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

16. How many roof vents are shown on the roof plan for
Elevation A?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

17. How many roof vents are shown on the roof plan for
Elevation B?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

18. What type of the roof is required over the fireplace

on the first floor?
a. Truss roof, hip type
b. Truss roof, shed type
c. conventional roof, shed type
d. conventional roof, hip type

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

19. What is the projection for the sides of the roof over
the fireplace on the first floor?
a. 3”
b. 6”
c. 10”
d. 1’-0”

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 Chapter 9-Assignment 2 Brook

20. What type and thickness of sheathing is used on the

roof over the second floor?
a. 3/8” plywood with H-clips
b. 1/2” plywood with H-clips
c. 5/8” tongue-and-groove plywood
d. 3/8” oriented strand board with H-clips

40
 Chapter 9-Quiz

1. Which of the following describes a girder truss?

a. It carries and supports the weight of other trusses
b. It is designed and installed exactly the same as any regular truss
c. A small truss that connects toa large truss
d. A truss that is always cut and built on site

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 Chapter 9-Quiz

2. Calculate what the unit line length is for a slope of

4:12?
a. 13.49”
b. 4”
c. 12”
d. 12.65”

(Unit line length) ²= 4² + 12²

Unit line length =4² + 12² = 12.649

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 Chapter 9-Quiz

3. What is the minimum bearing required by the NBC

for a rafter?
a. 38mm
b. 89mm
c. 140mm
d. 184mm

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 Chapter 9-Quiz

4. How is total run defined?

a. Equal to half the roof span
b. Equal to double the roof span
c. Equal to the length of the ridge
d. Equal to the length of the hip rafter

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 Chapter 9-Quiz

5. What is the minimum recommended slope of a flat

residential roof listed as a percentage?
a. 0%
b. 2%
c. 3%
d. 15%

45
 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

6. What structural materials is the gable end roof over

bedroom 3 and 4 to be constructed with?
a. 38mm x 184mm SP.#2 @ 600 OC rafters and ceiling joists and 38x235mm ridge board
b. 38mm x 89mm SP.#2 @ 400 OC rafters and ceiling joists and 38x140mm ridge board
c. 38mm x 140mm SP.#2 @ 400 OC rafters with 38x89mm collar ties @ midspan and 38x184mm ridge board
d. 38mm x 235mm SP.#2 @ 400 OC rafters with 38x89mm collar ties @ midspan and 38x184mm ridge board

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

7. What is are the size, species, and spacing of the

rafters and ceiling joists over the porch?
a. 38mm x 89mm SP.#2 roof rafters and ceiling joists @ 400mm OC
b. 19mm x 89mm SP.#2 roof rafters and ceiling joists @ 400mm OC
c. 38mm x 140mm SP.#2 roof rafters and ceiling joists @ 300mm OC
d. 38mm x 140mm SP.#2 roof rafters and ceiling joists @ 400mm OC

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

8. Is there a skylight shown on one of the upper roof

slopes, and if so, where?
a. There is no skylight indicated on the drawings.
b. There is a skylight indicated over the master bedroom.
c. There is a skylight indicated over bedroom 4.
d. There is a skylight indicated over the walk-in closet.

48
 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

9. Where on the drawings is a truss roof indicated?

a. The roof over the dormer is a truss roof.
b. The roof over the porch is a truss roof.
c. The roof over most of bedroom 2 is a truss roof.
d. The main section of the second floor is a truss roof.

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

10. How many girder trusses are shown for the main
house roof?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

11. How many gable roofs are indicated on the drawings

in total?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

12. Where are raised hill roof trusses indicated?

a. Over the porch
b. Over the dormer
c. Over the master bedroom
d. Over the family room

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

13. How many solid bearing points are the girder trusses
over the second floor supported on?
a. 2 girder trusses supported by 4 solid bearing points
b. 2 girder trusses supported by 3 solid bearing points
c. 3 girder trusses supported by 5 solid bearing points
d. 3 girder trusses supported by 6 solid bearing points

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

14. What is overall width of the dormer from outside

wall to outside wall?
a. 2240mm
b. 2440mm
c. 2740mm
d. 3000mm

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

15. How many sloping faces of roof in total are indicated

directly on the roof plan from page 6?
a. 2
b. 8
c. 11
d. 12

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

16. What is one of the slopes for the roof of the dormer?
a. 11.9
b. 9
c. 6.9
d. 6

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

17. How many columns is the roof over the front

porch(VERANDAH) supported on?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

18. What size and type of sheathing is used on the roof

over the second floor?
a. 3/8” OSB
b. 5/8” plywood
c. 3/8” plywood with H-clips
d. 1/2” plywood with H-clips

58
 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

19. What is the overall width of the dormer from inside

wall to inside wall?
a. 2240mm
b. 2440mm
c. 2740mm
d. 3000mm

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 Chapter 9-Quiz Whittington

20. Review the drawings carefully to determine which

sloping faces of roof are missing from the roof plan?
a. The roof over the garage
b. The dormer roof
c. The roof over the bay window in the dining room
d. The roof over the bay window in the living room

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