English for Academic and
Professional Purposes
 Writing a Critique
Approaches in
  Critiquing
Academic Texts
APPROACHES:
    Biographical
    Psychological
    Reader-response
    Historical
    Feminism
    Formalism
FEMINISM
KEY WORDS IN FEMINIST CRITICISM
 Patriarchy:       traditional   male-
  dominated society.
 Marginalization: the process or state
  of being forced to the edges of social
  and political significance.
FEMINISM
 literary analysis that arises from the
  perspective of feminism or feminist
  theories.
 includes women's knowledge in
  literature and valuing women's
  experiences.
 Feminist criticism DOES NOT only
  analyze   how   a  literary
       Do not choose the topic work  is
  created, but it also evaluates how it
  because    someone     else
  is received by the audience.says so!
 Feminist criticism's roots are in women's
  social, political, economic and psychological
  oppression.
 Feminist criticism aims to reinterpret the old
  texts and establish the importance of
  women's writing to save it from being lost or
  ignored in the male-dominated world.
The basic methods of feminist literary criticism
include:
 Identifying with female characters: By
  examining the way female characters are defined,
  critics challenge the male-centered outlook of
  authors. Feminist literary criticism suggests that
  women in literature have been historically
  presented as objects seen from a male perspective.
 Reevaluating literature and the world
  in which literature is read: By
  revisiting the classic literature, the critic
  can question whether society has
  predominantly valued male authors and
  their literary works because it has valued
  males more than females.
Feminist Literary
   Criticism
   Methods
 Deconstructing the way that women
  characters are described in novels,
  stories, plays, biographies, and
  histories, especially if the author is
  male
 Deconstructing how one's own gender
  influences how one reads and
  interprets a text, and which characters
  and how the reader identifies
  depending on the reader's gender
 Deconstructing how women
  autobiographers and biographers of
  women treat their subjects
 •Critique of patriarchal or woman-
  marginalizing language, such as a
  "universal" use of the masculine
  pronouns "he" and "him"
Feminist
Theories
Feminist criticism has roughly aligned with
the three waves of feminism, so there are
three rough periods of feminist criticism,
each with their own defining characteristics,
that correspond with each phase of women's
overall political emancipation.
         FIRST WAVE FEMINISM:
         Men's Treatment Of Women
           (Late 1700s-early 1900s)
 largely focused on how male authors and
  novelists view and portray women in their
  works. Critics in this time considered the
  ways in which novelists discriminate against
  and marginalize women characters.
       SECOND WAVE FEMINISM:
              Gynocriticism
          (early 1960s-late 1970s)
 establishing more equal working conditions
  and bringing women together for feminist
  political activism.
        THIRD WAVE FEMINISM:
           (early 1990s-present)
 emphasize individual rights, as well as
  acceptance of diversity.
 Feminist
Criticism’s
  Goals
By recognizing women's value and their
contributions to literature and society,
feminist criticism seeks to elevate
women to their rightful place in society
as contributors to and important
elements of literary works and society
writ large.
   "The Necklace" is a short
 story by French writer Guy de
Maupassant. It is known for its
   twist ending, which was a
 hallmark of de Maupassant's
    style. The story was first
published on 17 February 1884
   in the French newspaper