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Plant Cell and Tissue

Most vascular plants consist of stems, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruit above ground, and roots below ground. Plants are composed of tissues, organs, and organ systems. The main tissues in plants include ground tissue (found in leaves and stems), vascular tissue (which transports water and nutrients), and dermal tissue (which covers plant surfaces). Meristematic tissues are actively dividing, while permanent tissues include parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, and complex vascular and dermal tissues.

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98 views32 pages

Plant Cell and Tissue

Most vascular plants consist of stems, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruit above ground, and roots below ground. Plants are composed of tissues, organs, and organ systems. The main tissues in plants include ground tissue (found in leaves and stems), vascular tissue (which transports water and nutrients), and dermal tissue (which covers plant surfaces). Meristematic tissues are actively dividing, while permanent tissues include parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, and complex vascular and dermal tissues.

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bruceeptacek
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Most vascular plants consist of:

Stems,
Shoot Above
leaves, buds,
System ground part
flowers, fruit

Below Main roots


Root System
ground part and branches
TISSUE ??
cells
the smallest basic unit of cells

tissue a group of cells that have similar forms,


composition, and function

a unit of several types of tissues that are


organ
close to each other and support certain
functions

Organ system some organs which are coordinate each


other and conducting certain functions

organism
Main Tissues of Plants
Most extensive in leaves
Ground tissue (mesophyll) and young
system green stems (pith and
cortex)
Conducting tissues
•Xylem – distributes
Vascular tissue
water and solutes
system •Phloem – distributes
sugars
Covers and protects
Dermal tissue plant surfaces –
system epidermis and periderm
PLANT TISSUES
CELLS that work with other cells for a COMMON
FUNCTION form TISSUES

TISSUES

MERISTEMATIC PERMANENT

Apical Lateral Interecalary SIMPLE COMPLEX

Parenchyma Vascular

Collenchyma Xylem

Schlerenchyma Phloem

DERMAL

Epidermis

Cork & Cork Cambium


Meristematic Tissue
1. Have thin cellulose cell walls.

2. The meristematic cells may be spherical, oval, polygonal or


rectangular in shape.

3. compactly arranged & do not contain any intercellular space


between them.

4. contains dense or abundant cytoplasm & a single large nucleus.

5. contain few vacuoles or no vacuoles at all


MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
APICAL – growth in length
Apical meristems
 Are located at the tips of roots and in the buds of
shoots
 Elongate shoots and roots through primary growth
 The root tip is covered by a root cap
 Primary meristem
MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
LATERAL – growth in width or girth
MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
INTERCALARY –
growth from the base
of nodes
MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
Undifferentiated cells undergoing ACTIVE GROWTH
PERMANENT TISSUES
SIMPLE – contain only
one type of cell
 Parenchyma

Collenchyma

Sclerenchyma
Parenchyma
Large cell, thin wall, large vacuoles, cellulose cell wall
Types :
1 ) aerenchyma : aquatic plant
2) Chlorenchyma : containing chloroplast

Parenchyma cells are


essential for photosynthesis,
storage, secretion,
assimilation, respiration,
excretion and radial transport
of water and solute.
Chollenchyma
Function : supporting and strengthening tissue

Cellulose and pectin thickening in the corner of the


cell
Sclerenchyma
Function : organ support
Inactive cell
Cellulose and lignin thickening
Lignified cell wall
Sclereids :
 Hard and rigid
 Stem cortex, leaf venetin,
root, fruit, and seed

Fiber:
 hard elongated cells
 Gymnosperm woody
fiber, bark, leaf fiber,
seed fiber
PERMANENT TISSUES
COMPLEX – two or more different types of cells

VASCULAR tissues
 XYLEM – conducts WATER
 PHLOEM – conducts FOOD

DERMAL tissues
 EPIDERMIS – single cell layer
 CORK & CORK CAMBIUM
 Meristem and outer bark of woody plants
PERMANENT TISSUES - Complex
VASCULAR tissues
 PHLOEM – conducts FOOD
 Sieve tubes

 Companion cells

 XYLEM – conducts WATER


 Vessels

 Tracheids
Xylem
Water and mineral transportation
Lignin thickening
Consists of :
1) Trachea/vessel element
2)Tracheid
3) Xylem fiber
4)Xylem parenchyma
Fig. 35.8
Phloem
Conduction of nutrition

Consists of :
1) Sieve tube
2)Companion cell
3) Phloem fiber
4)Phloem parenchyma
PERMANENT TISSUES - Complex
DERMAL tissues: the outermost protective covering of a plant body.
 EPIDERMIS
 Cuticle (waxy coating)

Various cells of epidermis:


 Guard cells and stomata

 Trichomes

 Root hairs(absorption)
Epidermis
Outer covering
Usually one cell layer thick
Epidermis of succulents may be 5-6 cell layers thick
Functions
Protects inner tissues from drying and from infection
by some pathogens
Regulates movement of water and gases out of and into
plant
Epidermis
Guard cells
Found in epidermis of young stems, leaves, flower
parts, and some roots
Specialized epidermal cells
Small opening or pore between each pair of guard cells
 Allows gases to enter and leave underlying tissue
2 guard cells + pore = 1 stoma (plural, stomata)
Epidermis
Trichomes
Epidermal outgrowths
Single cell or multicellular
 Example: root hairs
 Increase root surface area in contact with soil water
PERMANENT TISSUES - Complex
DERMAL tissues
 CORK & CORK CAMBIUM
 Meristem and outer bark of woody plants
THE END
PERMANENT TISSUES - Simple
Parenchyma Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma Fibers & Sclereids

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