C3 Structure Covalent

Metallic bonding Bonding

Ionic bonding and Bonding
Metals LOSE ELECTRONS to
form POSITIVE IONS
Two non-metals will SHARE pairs of electrons
Metals LOSE ELECTRONS to form
POSITIVE IONS STRONG bond formed.
Non-metals GAIN ELECTRONS to
form NEGATIVE IONS

Electrons transferred from Small molecules Giant Structures

metal to non-metal
GIANT structures of atoms in a
REGULAR pattern A small group of atoms Many atoms
sharing electrons sharing electrons
Delocalised electrons are free to
move.

What is a metallic bond? Ions have electronic structure of

a noble gas
Sharing delocalised electrons
– STRONG metallic bonds.
What is an ionic bond?
STRONG electrostatic force of
polymers
Which type of attraction between oppositely
charged ions
bonding is it?
Limitations of these models
How do we quickly work
out the charges on ions?
M:M NM:NM Model Limitations
Metallic Covalent Group Electrons in Charge on
M:NM Dot and cross Looks like electrons aren’t
outer shell ion identical
Ionic Electrons look like they are in
1 1 1+ fixed positions
2 2 2+
Displayed formula Doesn’t show true shape of the
6 6 2- molecule

7 7 1- Ball and stick Can attempt to show 3D shape

but doesn’t show electrons
 Properties Properties of C3 Structure
of Metallic Ionic and Bonding Properties of Covalent
Substances Substances substances
Metals have high melting Ionic compounds
and boiling points have high melting
because… and boiling points Small molecules
…they are giant structures because… Giant Structures
of atoms with strong
metallic bonding Small molecules have
Can be bent or shaped relatively low melting Polymers are solids at room Giant covalent compounds have
because… and boiling points temperature high melting and boiling points
because… because…
…atoms are arranged because…
in LAYERS which can …they are giant structures …intermolecular forces increase
SLIDE over each other of atoms (giant ionic with the size of the molecules …all of the atoms linked
lattice) with strong and polymer molecules are very by strong covalent bonds.
electrostatic forces of large.
attraction in ALL
Alloys are harder than …intermolecular forces Diamond is very hard,
DIRECTIONS between
pure metals are overcome on melting has a very high melting Graphene is strong, light
oppositely charged ions.
because… and boiling and these are and boiling point and and an excellent
Alloys are a weak forces. doesn’t conduct conductor of thermal
A large amount of energy
mixture of two or is needed to break the The bigger the size of the electricity energy and electricity.
more elements, at many strong bonds. molecule the higher the because… because…
least one of which
is a metal
melting and boiling point
Only conduct electricity because… …each carbon is bonded to 4 …it is a single layer of graphite so
…the layers are other carbons by strong covalent has free electrons.
when melted or
DISTORTED so can’t …intermolecular forces bonds. There are no free
dissolved in water
slide over each other increase with the size of electrons.
because…
Metals are good the molecules.
conductors of …the ions are free Graphite is very hard, has Fullerenes (e.g. carbon
electricity and thermal nanotubes) are extremely
to move and so a very high melting and
energy strong and are excellent
Because… charge can flow. Don’t conduct electricity boiling point and does
conduct electricity conductors of thermal
because…
because… energy and electricity
because…
…the molecules have no
overall electric charge. …each carbon is bonded to 3 other carbons
…the electrons are free by strong covalent bonds. It forms layers of … they have strong covalent
to move and carry hexagonal rings with no covalent bonds bonds and free electrons.
thermal energy and between layers. There are free electrons.
charge