Ambo University Woliso Campus

School of Technology and Informatics

Department Of Computer Science

Wireless Communication and

Mobile Computing
/CoSc3062/ Unit Two
Introduction to Mobile
Computing
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 Introduction to Mobile Computing
2

Projection
keyboard Android
The iPhone

Mobile Computin g
The iPad

Google glass Portable projectors

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 Outline
3

 Definition
 Trends of Mobile
 Computing Paradigms
 Mobile Devices
 Application
 Wired vs. Mobile Network
 Mobile OS

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 Definitions
4

 Mobile:
 Any electronic device that may be easily moved from place
to place physically.
 Able to move freely and usually Wireless is need to move
freely.
 Computing:
 The activity of performing computations.
 The activity of using computer hardware and software for
some purpose.
 Mobile Computing: is computing system that may be easily
moved physically and whose computing capabilities may be
used while they are being moved or it is Performing of
computation in mobile units.ex:- laptops, smart phones, …
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 Basic components of Mobile Computing
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 There a r e t h re e b a s i cc o m p o n e n t s
of M o b i l e Components. These are:
1. Networks: communications. i.e. the way through
which two or more devices communicate
2. Devices and Computing units: device used to do
calculation. i.e. mobile itself
3. Applications : computation. i . e. any
computer calculation taking place in mobile
system/OS

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Trends of Mobile
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Computing Paradigms
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 Computing Paradigms
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1. Personal computing system: – refers to the use of

personal computers for computations.
 characterized by:
 Local software installation,
 Local system maintenance
 Customizable to user needs
 Very low utilization
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 Computing Paradigms
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2. Distributed computing: –refers to the use of distributed

systems to solve computational problems.
o consists of multiple autonomous computers
that communicate through a computer
network.
o it appears to its users as a single coherent
system.
 Distributed systems are characterized by:
 remote information access (Message passing )
 High availability (replication , mirrored
execution, ...) 8/18/2019
 Computing Paradigms
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 Example: surfing the web from different terminals on

university . Each web page consists of hypertext, pictures,
movies and elements anywhere on the internet.
 Google has more than 1.5 million servers across a globe.

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 Computing Paradigms
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3.Parallel Computing: – Calculations of large problems a

r e d i v i ded i n t o s m a l l e r parts and car r i e d
out simultaneously or concurrently on different
processors.
characterized by:
 Shared memory . i.e. to exchange information
between processors they share memory.
4.Pervasive /Ubiquitous Computing: is about the
invisible and everywhere, every time computing.
 “It is about making computers so “embedded”, so fitting,
so natural that we use them without even thinking about
them.”
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 Computing Paradigms
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 Characteristics of Pervasive computing

 Invisible: tiny, embedded, attachable.
 Everywhere: we can access remotely.
 Context Awareness (physical location, physiological state, emotional
state,…).
 Smart Sensors, wearable, …

 Example:

1. The automatic adjustment of heating, cooling and lighting levels in a

room based on an occupant’s profile.
2. Refrigerators "aware" of their suitably tagged contents, able to both plan
a variety of menus from the food actually on hand, and warn users of
stale or spoiled food.
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 Computing Paradigms
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5. Cloud Computing: is a computing paradigm that provides

computation software, data access, and storage services that
do not require end-user knowledge of the physical location
and configuration of the system that delivers the services.”
 Characteristics:
 Unknown location. i.e. where it is placed is unknown
for end users.
 Store high amount of data. Example. Big data.

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 Computing Paradigms
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• Cloud Computing

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 Mobile Devices
15

Mobile Device: is handheld device or handheld

computer and a pocket sized computing
device,
typically having a display with touch
screen input or keyboard.
Remember that
 Due to the rapid advancement of the technology its
hard to make a specific classifications of mobile devices.

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 Mobile Devices
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 Different types of mobile devices

 Laptop

1. Notebook
2. Netbook
3. Ultra-Mobile PC
 Communication devices
1. Pager
2. Smartphone
3. PDA &Pocket PC
4. cell phone
5. Cordless phone
 Tablet PC & E-book readers
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 Mobile Devices
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 Laptop in general
 is a small personal computer designed for
portability.
 usually all of the interface hardware(ports,
graphics card, sound channel, etc.,) are built in to
a single unit.
 contain batteries that can power the device for
some periods of time.
 upgrade is usually difficult/impossible. Example
Keyboard

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 Mobile Devices
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1. Notebook: used for heavy & multi-tasking

loads. Example creating and editing HD video
or computer aided engineering software & –
contain high capacity batteries.
 Screen -(10” and above)
 Purpose- (multi- purpose)
 Weight – (light)
 Computing power (high )

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 Mobile Devices
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2.Netbook: – Used for basic applications. Example Office

applications & it has Longer battery life.
 Screen -(7”-10”)
 Purpose – (limited,.. internet, basic applications)
 Weight – (very light)
 Computing power (low )

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 Mobile Devices
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3.Ultra mobile-pcs(UMPCs): – Used for basic applications

with Longer battery life. Example Office applications.
 Purpose – (very limited,…, Internet, view info)
 Screen -(4”-7”)
 Weight –(very very light)
 Computing power (very low )
 UMPCs are pocketable!
 reduced specification (lack of CD-drive)

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 Mobile Devices
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 Communication devices
1. Pager
 Beeper: because of the sound it made
 Voice tone pager: for recording Voice message.
 Numeric pager: can display up to twenty digits at a time.
 Alphanumeric pager: – modified versions of
numeric pagers with sophisticated display to
accommodate text.

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 Mobile Devices
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2. Mobile phone/cellphone
 Provides:

 voice communications

 Short Message Service (SMS)

 Multimedia Message Service (MMS),

 newer phones also provide

 Internet services
 Web browsing, instant messaging, …
 e-mail.

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 Mobile Devices
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3.PDA: Personal Digital Assistant

 designed primarily to provide the functionality of maintaining
appointments, tasks, contacts, etc.
 usually pen-based,(use a stylus rather than a keyboard for input)
 Today PDAs function as a cellular phone, fax sender, Web browser
and personal organizer.
 Traditional PDAs have not had phone or fax services.
 Pocket PC: A type of PDA/smartphone which runs
Windows Mobile as its operating system.

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 Mobile Devices
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4. Smart Phones

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 Mobile Devices
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 Smart Phones
 traditional PDA + cellular phone
 combines standard phone features, such as making and
receiving phone calls, with computer functionality.
 Incorporates

 Wi-Fi access, email, calendars and

 GPS
 let you store information & install programs.

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 Mobile Devices
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 Smart phone Functionality

 Voice callsincluding Video calls
 Local File Storage
 Internet/Cloud Services
 Office Computing
 eBook Reader
 Multimedia Player
 Digital Audio/Video Recorder
 Location Based Services
 Context awareness

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 Mobile Devices
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5.Cordless telephone: is a telephone with a wireless handset

that communicates via radio wave with base station connected
to a fixed telephone line.

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 Mobile Devices
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6. Tablet PC
 Portable personal computer equipped with a touch
screen as a primary input device and designed to be
operated and owned by an individual.
 Use virtual keyboard & handwriting for text input
recognition through touchscreen.
 It also can be connected to a full-size keyboard
and monitor.

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 There are two types of tablet PCs. These are:

1. Convertible -look a lot like normal laptops except the screen
can be rotated all the way around and laid down flat across
the Keyboard.
2. Slate- looks like a flat screen without a keyboard.

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 Mobile Devices
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 Advantage
 Great mobility
 digital ink. i.e. record your handwriting and drawings

7. E-book reader
 Portable electronic device is designed primarily for the
purpose of reading digital books and publication.
Support
 Text to speech
 Internet Capabilities( Wi-Fi ,3G)

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 Applications of Mobile Computing
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 Transport
 Position and tracking system through GPS.
 prevent accidents, navigation system.

 Tourist navigation

 Emergencies/ Disaster relief

 early transmission of patient data to the hospital.

 current status, first diagnosis.

 earthquakes, fire etc.

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 Applications of Mobile Computing
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 Business
 M-Commerce: mobile E-commerce /shopping, …
 M-Banking: offer mobile access to financial and account
information.
 Advertising: using SMS is becoming very popular in our
country.
 Entertainment, Education
 outdoor Internet access
 multi user games
 M-learning : E-learning

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 Applications of Mobile Computing
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 Location aware
 find services in the local environment. Example printer.
 nearest cash ATM/ shop / restaurant/hotel

 Web access & Communication

 Internet accessing

 electronic mail. i.e. email

 chatting

• Application Services in general

 push: e.g., breaking news info

 pull: e.g., nearest cash ATM

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 Comparison b/n Wired Net & Mobile Net
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 Wired Network #Mobile Network

 high bandwidth 1. low bandwidth
 can listen on wire 2. hidden terminal problem.
 high power machines 3. low power machine
 high resource machines 4. low resource machine
 No security problem 5. there is security problem
 low delay 6. high information delay
 connected operation. 7. disconnected operation

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 Questions
35

1. Define Mobile Computing!

2. Why will mobile computing revolutionize the way we use
computers?
3. What problems are associated with mobile computers and
wireless networks?
4. What is a palmtop?
5. How can the network capacity of a wireless network be
improved?

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 Answer
36

1. Performing computation in mobile units.

2. Because these wireless computers can communicate with
other computers even though the user is changing location.
This means that if you are carrying a mobile computer you
will be able to communicate and access information from
any position at any time.
3. N e t w o r k f a i l u r e i s a p r o b l e m b e c a u s e w i r e
l e s s communication is more affected by
disconnection than wired communication. Low power is
a problem since hand- held computers need to be small and
light and small batteries must be used.
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 Answer
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4. Palmtops are hand held computers with low speed CPU

and limited memory. They provide applications
such as schedule, calendar and spread
sheets. To improve their portability,
manufacturers, design palmtops such that they are
powered by small light batteries.
5. Increasing the number of cells. The capacity of a wireless
network measured by its bandwidth per unit cubic meter.
The network bandwidth is divided among the users sharing
a cell. Therefore increasing the number of mobile users in
a cell decreases the network capacity.

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 Mobile OS
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 Mobile OS: is the operating system that controls a mobile device
similar in principle to an operating system such as Windows, Mac
OS, or Linux that controls a desktop computer or laptop.
 What are the major functions of any OS???
 managing the various peripheral devices. Ex. mouse, keyboard,..
 Provides a user interface:, e.g. CLI, (GUI).
 Handles system resources: such as computer's memory and sharing
of the central processing unit (CPU) time by various applications
or peripheral devices.
 Provides file management: refers to the way that the operating
system manipulates, stores, retrieves and saves data.
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 Mobile OS
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Types of Mobile OS

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 Mobile OS
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 Symbian/ Nokia Mobile

 Market share(2010): 37.6%( the first since 2010 GC )
 License : open source

 Company: Nokia.

 CPU Architecture: ARM

 Programmed in: C++

 Application store: Symbian Horizon, Ovistore(10000+).

 Package manager: Nokia Ovi Suite.

 Other: multi-touch, easily affordable cost.

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 Mobile OS
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 Symbian (Nokia)
 Advantage
 massive global reach. This leads WW market with 62% of
smartphone traffic.
 being open source could help accelerate pace of innovation.
 Disadvantage
 limited reach in the US/Developed countries
 application distribution more difficult today.
 manufacturer dependent.

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 Mobile OS
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 Android
 Market share(2010): 22.7%. # 2nd since 2010. but today it is
the first OS for Mobile.
 License : open source

 Company: Open Handset Alliance(Google).

 CPU Architecture: ARM, x86

 Programmed in: C, C++, Java

 Application store: Google play (700,000+)

 Other: multi-touch, Linux

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 Mobile OS
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 Android/Google
 Sensors
1. Ambient Light Sensor: adjusts the display brightness.
2. Proximity Sensor: detects how close screen of the
phone is to your body .display turns off in order to save
battery.
3. Accelerometer Sensor: detects the orientation of the
device and adapts the content to suit the new orientation
4. Gyroscope Sensor: is a device used for measuring
orientation.
5. Proximity Sensor: detects the presence of nearby
objects without physical contact.
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 Mobile OS
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 Android/Google
 pros
 Open source
 Manufacturer independent

 Technology support like GPS.

 Issue
 Late to market. This was since 2o1o.

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 Mobile OS
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 BlackBerry RIM OS
 Market share(2010): 16.0%
 License : Proprietary

 Company: Research in motion (RIM).

 CPU Architecture: ARM

 Programmed in: Java

 Application store: Blackberry App World(30000+)

 Package manager: Blackberry Desktop Manager

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 Mobile OS
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 BlackBerry
 Pros:
 Leads US market with 31% of smartphone traffic.
 It was at 3rd place in WW market with 11% of smartphone
traffic.
 Developers not limited to single distribution channel.
 Issues:

 Less Developer momentum

 RIM / hardware dependent &
 Users more email focused.

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 Mobile OS
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 Apple iOS
 Market share(2010): 15.7%
 License : Proprietary
 Company: Apple.
 CPU Architecture: ARM
 Programmed in: C, C++, Objective-C
 Application store: Apple App Store(300,000+)
 Package manager: iTunes
 Other: Mac OS, multi-touch, for iphone ,ipod touch.
 ipad, Apple Tv only.

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 Mobile OS
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 iPhone OS (Apple)
 Pros:
 Strong user growth.
 More than 10 million iPhones sold.
 Application store creating a vibrant app ecosystem with More
than 1 million downloads.
 Powerful technology (e.g., multi-touch, GPS,
accelerometer).
 Issues:

 App approval process is largely to developers.

 App store is the only authorized distribution channel.
 Apple / hardware dependent.
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 Mobile OS
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 Windows Mobile
 Market share(2010): 4.2%.
 License : Proprietary.
 Company: Microsoft.
 CPU Architecture: ARM.
 Programmed in: C++.
 Application store: Windows Marketplace for
Mobile.
 Package manager: Windows Mobile Device
Center.

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 Mobile OS
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 Windows Mobile
 Pros:
 Strong user reach
 Manufacturer independent
 Issues:

 Less developer satisfaction

 Application distribution is more difficult compared to
others.

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 Mobile OS
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 Others
 Palm OS: mobile operating system initially developed by
Palm.
 webOS: mobile operating system from HP/Palm.
 Bada: mobile operating system developed by Samsung
Electronics.
 MeeGo OS: from Nokia and Intel (open source).

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Mobile OS
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TheEnd!
53

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 Review Questions
54

1. Define the term Mobile, Computing, & Mobile Computing?

2. List the three components of Mobile and describe each!
3. Describe trends of Mobile Computing relating to its Size &
Number by sketching diagram!
4. What is Computer Paradigm?
5. List all computing paradigms and justify each paradigm briefly
with its features!
6. What is Mobile device! List all & describe at least four of
them!
7. Write application area of Mobile Computing?
8. What is Mobile OS?
9. List all Mobile OS & describe each briefly with its features!
10. Compare & Contrast Wired Network with Mobile Network!
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