THE PAST
PERFECT
TENSE
The Past Perfect Tense is used to describe an
action that has been completed before another
past action. It is also used to describe an
action that happened in the distant past (when
it is understood that other actions have
happened since that action).
Past perfect tense adalah sebuah bentuk kata kerja
yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian atau
aktifitas yang telah/sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum
aktifitas atau kejadian lain terjadi di masa yang
lampau. Jadi yang dimaksud dengan past perfect
tense adalah suatu aktifitas atau kejadian yang telah
selesai kita lakukan sebelum aktifitas atau kejadian
lain kita lakukan pada masa lampau.
The past perfect is used to describe one action that
happened before another action in the past.
In many cases a complete sentence is written in two
parts with two different.
1.The past perfect, to refer to the action that happened
first or earlier.
2.The past to refer to the action that happened second
or later.
Sometimes the past perfect is used on its own and the
action that took place afterwards is understood.
1. After Sofie had finished her work, she went to lunch.
(First she finished her work and then she went to eat
lunch)
2. I washed the floor when the painter had gone.
(first the painter left and then I washed the floor)
The past perfect tense is formed by using the auxiliary
verb had together with the V-3 (past participle). The V-3
(past participle) form of a regular verb looks just like a
regular verb in the past.
Example: walk > walked / study > studied
stop > stopped / create > created
• Use the helping verb “been” after “had”
when using the verb “to be” in the past
perfect tense.
[subject] [had] [been] [object clause]
EXAMPLE : She had been here before 1989
• Using the helping verb “had” before a
verb in past perfect simple tense to
describe all subjects
[ I, YOU, WE, THEY, HE, SHE, IT].
[subject] [had] [past participle]
EXAMPLE :
I had eaten breakfast
before
I went to school
PAST PERFECT
had + ed
It is used to talk about actions that were completed at
an unspecified time before another past action (at
different times). I already done my homework when my
mother arrived.
With before, by the time, until and when the verb is in
the simple past.
With after the verb is the past perfect.
Time Expressions : already, for, since, and yet may be used in the
past perfect simple, as they are in the present perfect simple,
Remember the following rules for using other time expressions:
•Use after, as soon as, the moment that, until before using the past perfect
simple.
Example : After she had moved out, I found her notes.
I didn’t say anything until she had finished talking.
•Use before, when, by the time before the past simple.
Example : Before I knew it. She had run out the door.
By the time he phoned her. She had found someone new.
PAST PERFECT TENSE NOMINAL
S + HAD + BEEN + OBJECT
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I I I
You You You
We We We
They had They had not They been
Had
She been She (hadn’t) She ?
been
He He He
It It it
EXAMPLE NOMINAL
( + ) I had been very busy for 2 hours.
( - ) I hadn’t been very busy for 2 hours.
( ? ) Had I been very busy for 2 hours ?
( + ) They had been here since this morning.
( - ) They hadn’t been here since this morning.
( ? ) Had they been here since this morning ?
( + ) You had been late for ten minutes.
( - ) You hadn’t been late for ten minutes.
( ? ) Had you been late for ten minutes ?
( + ) She had been in Surabaya since 2000.
( - ) She hadn’t been in Surabaya since 2000.
( ? ) Had she been in Surabaya since 2000 ?
PAST PERFECT TENSE VERBAL
S + HAD + V-3/PAST PARTICIPLE
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I I I
You You You
We We We
They had They had not Had They ?V-3
She V-3 She (hadn’t) She
V-3
He He He
It It it
EXAMPLE VERBAL
( + ) I had done my work.
( - ) I hadn’t done my work.
( ? ) Had I done my work ?
( + ) They had gone to school.
( - ) They hadn’t gone to school.
( ? ) Had they gone to school ?
( + ) You had written a letter.
( - ) You hadn’t written a letter.
( ? ) Had you written a letter ?
( + ) He had played tennis.
( - ) He hadn’t played tennis.
( ? ) Had he played tennis ?
EXERCISE 1
1. I (was/had) (sleep/slept) when somebody knocked the door.
2. I (had/was) not (work/worked) when Sheila (came/come).
3. (Is/Had) Andre (live/lived) in Jakarta ?
4. My father (had/is) (eaten/eat) before worked.
5. The mechanic (is/had) (repair/repaired) my car.
6. All students (had/are) (study/studied) before their teacher (give/gave) a quiz.
7. My father (is/had) not (come/came) when my mother (go/went) to the market.
8. Putri took a bath after she (had/is) (play/played) hello kitty.
9. I (met/meet) Andi after I (am/had) attended a party.
10. (Had/Is) she read that book when I (borrow/borrowed) ?
ANSWER 1
1. I (was/had) (sleep/slept) when somebody knocked the door.
2. I (had/was) not (work/worked) when Sheila (came/come).
3. (Is/Had) Andre (live/lived) in Jakarta ?
4. My father (had/is) (eaten/eat) before worked.
5. The mechanic (is/had) (repair/repaired) my car.
6. All students (had/are) (study/studied) before their teacher (give/gave) a quiz.
7. My father (is/had) not (come/came) when my mother (go/went) to the market.
8. Putri took a bath after she (had/is) (play/played) hello kitty.
9. I (met/meet) Andi after I (am/had) attended a party.
10. (Had/Is) she read that book when I (borrow/borrowed) ?
EXERCISE 2
1. Never .... such delicious pies before visiting the bakery.
• I had tasted
• had I tasted
2. How many times .... the clothes before the fault occured ?
• you had worn
• had you worn
3. If you .... your money in a bank, it wouldn’t have gone.
• had been put
• had put
4. Prior to the meeting, the room ....
• had been cleaned and prepared
• had cleaned and prepared
5. He told that he .... all the files in the directory.
• had removed
• had been removed
6. The student .... her disposable lunch box in the garbage can by the time the
bell rang.
• had been dropped
• had dropped
7. When he arrived at the station, the train ....
• had left
• had leaved
8. .... before the participants came ?
9. Had the room been brighter
10. Had the room brighter
• Reza .... about her before they met.
• had already heard
• had already been heard
10. Anyone .... the latest version of the phone software for free before August
2013.
• had been able to update
• had be able to update
ANSWER 2
1. Never had I tasted such delicious pies before visiting the bakery.
2. How many times had you worn the clothes before the fault occured ?
3. If you had put your money in a bank, it wouldn’t have gone.
4. Prior to the meeting, the room had cleaned and prepared.
5. He told that he had removed all the files in the directory.
6. The student had dropped her disposable lunch box in the garbage can by the
time the bell rang.
7. When he arrived at the station, the train had left.
8. Had the room been brighter before the participants came ?
9. Reza had already heard about her before they met.
10. Anyone had been able to update the latest version of the phone software for
free before August 2013.
DO YOU
UNDERSTAND
“THE PAST
PERFECT
TENSE” ???
NEXT....
THE PAST
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
TENSE !!!
