The document discusses key concepts in the sociology of tourism. It defines tourism as the movement and contact between people in different locations. It identifies socioeconomic factors that influence travel, new travel patterns that have emerged, preferences of international tourists, different types of tourist roles from most organized to independent, and the concept of social tourism which aims to make travel accessible through subsidies.
The document discusses key concepts in the sociology of tourism. It defines tourism as the movement and contact between people in different locations. It identifies socioeconomic factors that influence travel, new travel patterns that have emerged, preferences of international tourists, different types of tourist roles from most organized to independent, and the concept of social tourism which aims to make travel accessible through subsidies.
The document discusses key concepts in the sociology of tourism. It defines tourism as the movement and contact between people in different locations. It identifies socioeconomic factors that influence travel, new travel patterns that have emerged, preferences of international tourists, different types of tourist roles from most organized to independent, and the concept of social tourism which aims to make travel accessible through subsidies.
The document discusses key concepts in the sociology of tourism. It defines tourism as the movement and contact between people in different locations. It identifies socioeconomic factors that influence travel, new travel patterns that have emerged, preferences of international tourists, different types of tourist roles from most organized to independent, and the concept of social tourism which aims to make travel accessible through subsidies.
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Chapter 2
THE SOCIOLOGY OF TOURISM
LESSON OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain the social nature of travel 2. Describe the social effects of tourism 3. Discuss the socioeconomic variables and their effect on travel 4. Describe the new travel patterns 5. Explain the preferences of the international tourist 6. Describe the types of tourist roles 7. Explain the meaning of social tourism THE SOCIAL NATURE OF TRAVEL Human beings, as social animals, feel comfortable in a tour group. They feel that their trip is more enjoyable and free from anxiety if they join a group tour. THE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TOURISM 1. Social relations between people who would not normally meet 2. The confrontation of different cultures, ethnic groups, lifestyles, languages, levels of prosperity, and the like 3. The behavior of people released from many of the social and economic constraints of everyday life 4. The behavior of the host population which has to reconcile economic gain and benefits with the costs of living with strangers SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES AND THEIR EFFECT ON TRAVEL 1. Age 2. Income and Social Status 3. Education 4. Life Stages of the Family
THE RISE OF NEW TRAVEL PATTERNS
• Travel Clubs • Airline Group and Arrangements • Special Interest Tours PREFERENCES OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOURIST – Complete relaxation to constant activity – Traveling near one’s home environment to a totally strange environment – Complete dependence on group travel to traveling alone – Order to disorder Relaxation Versus Activity People have started to use their no holiday time leisure to exercise new activity skills, such as sailing, climbing, horse riding, and sports. The demand for activity-oriented travel has greatly increased.
Familiarity Versus Novelty
People accept innovations in industry, education, family life, the arts, and social relationships, among others. Tourists move away from traditional resorts to new tourist destinations. Dependence Versus Autonomy There is the emergence of a group of tourists who would like to acquire a sense of personal autonomy regarding their leisure time. They would like to travel on their own and not part of a group. Order Versus Disorder Informality in behavior, a greater tolerance toward the differences of others, and freedom from institutionalized regulations are now the characteristics of the modern traveler. TYPES OF TOURIST ROLES The continuous combination of novelty and familiarity forms the basic variable for the sociological analysis of the phenomenon of modern tourism.
A.The first two types, the organized mass tourist and the individual mass tourist, are called institutionalized tourist roles because they are dealt within a routine way by the tourist establishment, such as travel agencies and hotel chains which cater to the tourist trade. B.The last two types, the explorer and the drifter, are called non- institutionalized tourist roles because they are loosely attached to the tourist establishment. THE ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST •This is the least adventurous. He buys a package tour with the trip itinerary that is fixed in advance and his stops are well-prepared and guided. He prefers a familiar environment rather than a new environment. THE INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST •This tourist has a certain degree of control over his time and itinerary and is not bound to a group. All the major tour arrangements are made through a travel agency. Familiarity is still dominant, but less than the organized mass tourist. THE EXPLORER •This tourist arranges his trip all by himself while associating with the people and speaking their language. The explorer dares to leave his country much more than the previous two types, but goes back to it when the experience becomes too rough and does not adopt completely the lifestyle of the host country. Still retains some of the basic practices and comforts of his native way of life. THE DRIFTER •The drifter goes the farthest away from the accustomed ways of life of his own country. He tries to live the way the people he visits live and to share their shelter, food, and habits. Novelty is at its highest; familiarity disappears almost completely. SOCIAL TOURISM • It is a subsidized system of travel through the intervention of the government, employer, or labor union to achieve social goals and purposes. • Voluntary associations in the field of social tourism worked to obtain reduced fares and to create a network of holiday centers for tourists of limited means. • The International Bureau of Social Tourism (BITS) was founded in Brussels in 1963 to encourage the development of social tourism on an international scale. It promotes tourism by studying issues such as youth and senior citizen travel, the staggering of holidays, camping and caravanning, building and financing moderate-cost tourist facilities, and the preservation of local culture and environment. • In the United States, more than 100 different major programs of the federal government provide for recreation, tourism, travel, and environmental conservation. LESSON SUMMARY: • Tourism is concerned with movement of and contact between people in different geographical locations. • The socioeconomic variables that affect travel include age, income and social status, education, and life stages of the family. • The growth of tourism brought about new travel patterns such as travel clubs, airline group rates and arrangements, and special interest tours. • The preferences of the international tourists involve relaxation versus activity, familiarity versus novelty, dependence versus autonomy, and order versus disorder. • The four types of tourist roles are the organized mass tourist, the individual mass tourist, the explorer, and the drifter. • The institutionalized tourist roles are closely attached to the tourist establishment while the explorer and the drifter are loosely attached to the tourist establishment. • Social tourism is a subsidized system of travel through the intervention of the government, employer, or labour union to achieve social goals.
