Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 1
The structure of the atom
Mya Thet Htar Swe
(PhD, Pharmaceutical
Engineering)
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 2
Group 7 elements
Group 7 elements are also known as Halogens
Non-metals that are poisonous and includes: Fluorine, Chlorine,
Bromine, Iodine and Astatine.
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 3
Group 7 elements
Group 7 elements exist as diatomic molecules , meaning they
form molecules of two atoms.
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 4
Group 7 elements
(1) Trends in Atomic Radius/Atomic size of Group 7 Elements
Go down from top to bottom, atomic radius increase
Atomic radius
Name Trend
(pm)
Fluorine (F) 68 smallest
Chlorine (Cl) 94 ↓
Bromine (Br) 114 ↓
Iodine (I) 133 ↓
Astatine (At) 202 largest
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 5
Group 7 elements
(2) Trends in the Melting Point/Boiling Point of Group 7 Elements
Go down from top to bottom, the melting and boiling points
increases
Melting Point Boiling Point Physical
Name Formula
(M.P.oC) (B.P.oC) state
fluorine F2 -223 -187 gas
chlorine Cl2 -102 -35 gas
bromine Br2 -7.3 59 liquid
iodine I2 114 183 solid
astatine At2 302 337 solid
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 6
Group 7 elements
(3) Trends in Electronic Configuration of Group 7 Elements
Group 7 elements have 7 valence electrons (7 electrons in the valence shell
or highest energy level).
Name Electronic
Atomic Number (Z)
(Symbol) Configuration
Fluorine (F) 9 2,7
Chlorine (Cl) 17 2,8,7
Bromine (Br) 35 2,8,18,7
Iodine (I) 53 2,8,18,18,7
Astatine (At) 85 2,8,18,32,18,7
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 7
Group 7 elements
(4) Trends in Ionisation Energy of Group 7 Elements
Go down from top to bottom, ionisation energy decreases
Ionisation Reaction Ionisation Energy (kJ mol-1) Trend
F(g) → F-(g) + e- 1690 highest
Cl(g) → Cl-(g) + e- 1260 ↑
Br(g) → Br-(g) + e- 1150 ↑
I(g) → I-(g) + e- 1020 lowest
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 8
Group 7 elements
(5) Trends in Reactivity of Group 7 Elements
Go down from top to bottom, reactivity decreases
Go down the group, an additional electron shell is added and increasing the atomic
size of the atom.
The electrons in the outer shell move further away from the nucleus and the
attraction force between the electrons and the nucleus become weaker and weaker.
This weaker attraction in the larger atoms makes it harder to gain electron.
Therefore the ability of the atom to attract electron to fill the outermost shell
reduces, which means the reactivity of the atom decreases.
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 9
Group 7 elements
(5) Trends in Reactivity of Group 7 Elements
Name Reaction with hydrogen Trend in Reaction Rate
fluorine F2(g) + H2(g) → 2HF(g) explosive reaction
chlorine Cl2(g) + H2(g) → 2HCl(g) vigorous reaction
bromine Br2(l) + H2(g) → 2HBr(g) rapid reaction
iodine I2(s) + H2(g) → 2HI(g) least vigorous reaction
Chlorine is more reactive than iodine although they both need to gain only one
electron to have full outer shells.
It is because the outer electron of iodine atom is furthest from the positive
attractions of the nucleus compared to the outer electron of chlorine.
Greater distance between nucleus and outer shell means less attraction so it is
harder to gain an extra electron.
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 10
Group 7 elements
Atoms of group 7 elements all have 7 electrons in the valence
shell (highest energy level).
Gained an electron instead of losing an electron, as shown in
the equations below:
F + e- → F-
Cl + e- → Cl-
Br + e- → Br-
I + e- → I-
Teacher Mya/Yr-9 Chemistry/IIP 11
Group 7 elements
(6) Trends in Color Intensity of Group 7 Elements
Go down from top to bottom, color intensity increases (color
become darker)
